Foreign Auto Shop

Running Head: Foreign Auto Shop Final Case Paper jose terrs Submitted To: Dr. torres October 21ST, 2012 GEBB515 – ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP Abstract Many companies around the world have different styles of management. Some companies have â€Å"laid back managers† others have â€Å"drill sergeant managers† both types of managers are like and disliked. Management plays a very important role in any job field. The overall supervision and leadership shown by the management is what I think, constructs a business to a successful business.Every business needs a foundation. Once the foundation is settled, it’s just a step by step dedication with the owner and its leadership trend team. In this case analysis, Alan shows a mellow characteristic of a manger. But when things get serious, he has a â€Å"strong willed go getter manger characteristic†. The owner of the foreign auto shop has a much laid back personality informed to us by the case. Alan has a very we ll wanted leadership phase that many employees look for in a boss.Usual leadership situations in the auto repair shop consist of making sure every employee is doing the right job the right way, but without being to â€Å"on top of them† while they perform their work talent. The owner is also head supervisor of the overall shop. He has 7 employees working for his shop in which two of them (Gil & Hans) are the easiest to supervise due to the fact that they are more experienced in all subjects of the mechanical work field. Along with his other two employees (Bart & Herbie) which are dedicated in to their specific parts of the mechanical workforce.Bart works more on motorcycles, whereas Herbie is a whiz at trouble shooting engine problems. Three other employees require closer supervision by Alan because they are less skilled oriented. By going back to the abstract you will see how a â€Å"foundation† is needed to create a wonderful and successful business. Well Ala n has his overall view of what he is dedicated to, and has built a wonderful and creative team that are focused on making sure the client is always happy. Alan’s typical leadership style is considerately appropriate for his leadership situation.Alan is described to be a less â€Å"on point† supervisor amongst his employees. He knows that they are doing their job. He always makes himself available to on the floor to his employees if they are in need of any help or have specific questions. His fairness and openness have earned him the continuing respect and trust if his employees. Sometimes always being a mellow â€Å"laid back† kind of manager is not always a good thing also because many employees can take that and use it against the management.For example, seeing the manager being easy going and not too â€Å"put forward† can sometimes escalate to the actual employee not accomplishing his work goal and just taking it easy. In this case, Alan shows his dou ble side. â€Å"Things are not always greener on the other side of the fence†. There is certainly something very interesting regarding the cause and effect of running a laissez-faire organization, particularly corporations. Ultimately, when it comes to laid back management, it is not really a matter of whether to be lenient or not.Oftentimes, it is a matter of when to be indulgent, because there are certain circumstances that will cause either an advancement or failure. Laid back management is actually a good strategy. Needless to say, workers have to be entitled with certain rights and privileges. Lenient management is often the core of empowering the laborers. More often than not, empowering laborers proved to boost the overall prosperity of the corporation. Oftentimes this may come into explicit forms of idealistic gestures, such as enabling the worker to make any constructive suggestions regarding the company policies.Some companies find this method too lenient to a point of negligence, but there are those that abide by its format. An example of a popular tactic of promoting lenient management is the establishment of friendly relations with employees, although such a gesture could be taken as an extreme idealism for many traditional types of corporations. In certain ways, friendly relationship between the laborer and overseer would result to easy productivity because both parties could defer to one another and even work together to overcome certain challenges.A friendly relationship is often deemed good like-minded academic school of thought for the simple reason that respect for fellow human beings, especially in terms of their dignity, is a non-negotiable aspect of civil law. Alan’s leadership style during the flood was put out to be his â€Å"Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde† side. When he noticed that the storm was advancing rapidly towards the valley where his shop is located, Alan to be on the safe side went out to roll up the windows o f the clients cars that were in the parking lot waiting to be worked on.Then he noticed that the creek was already rising high and ran back to the shop but got soaked by the rain. His employees laughed at him for: not having enough sense to come in out of the rain. † After 15minutes of hard rain, he realized it wasn’t just a rainstorm, but an actual flood. He ran into the shop and announced in a loud voice that the creek was flooding and instructed all his employees to do certain jobs but nobody seemed to be moving.An employee walked over to Alan and told him, does he really think it’s gonna flood because it’s rained like this before and it doesn’t even reach more than an inch. Alan looks at the employee in the eyes and interrupted his employee by saying in an assertive manner, â€Å"Listen, ad listen good! You and the rest of the crew are going to do what I say, and you’re going to do it now! We can talk later about whether it was a good id ea. † By coming out and managing in this manner, Alan shows himself to no longer be a mellow â€Å"laid back† manager but be an assertive and â€Å"drill sergeant† manager.Another very concrete situation from which laid back management will truly not go as planned is when the corporate heads issue an urgent massive quota on such a short deadline. For instance, bombarding laborers with tasks in streamline payroll processing. If the management allows the workers to have a say according to their preference, nobody would be willing to work with such a given condition. The greatest error of imposing laissez-faire supervision is when it comes to the point that the laborers would feel entitled to defy a corporate order.There is a fine line between liberty and anarchy, and the latter could sometimes result from high expectations that are stifled by necessity. His effective behaviors were implemented as being an easy going manager when things are not a risk or are being d one incorrectly and a serious go getter when he sees that his business is in danger or an employee is performing incorrectly. After the flood subsided his way of management was very well performed by showing each of his employees that he is highly appreciative of each contribution each employee performed while the flood was in effect.Assertiveness is a key component to being an effective manager, and is particularly important when dealing with difficult employees who thrive on testing your boundaries. Why do employees behave badly to begin with? Because the manager who is in authority is allowing them to behave that way, â€Å"laid back† managers Some techniques that can be used to become a more assertive — and, therefore, more effective — manager: Set and communicate clear boundaries and expectations. Managers who fail to clearly define and consistently enforce boundaries are just asking for trouble from their employees. Your employees are not mind readers,â₠¬  Shepard emphasized. â€Å"You have got to clearly, clearly, clearly define what you expect and what you will not tolerate. † The good news, he pointed out, is that â€Å"the firmer you are and the more people realize you don't budge, the less they will test the boundaries. † Hold everyone accountable, even when you don't want to. â€Å"You have an obligation to your company to do the right thing; they are paying you to make the tough decisions,† stated Shepard. You also â€Å"owe it to your good employees not to let problem employees get away with things they shouldn't. Although this can be particularly hard when you're dealing with someone you like or with whom you empathize, said Shepard, â€Å"you are a manager, not Dr. Phil. Don't get involved in personal lives. † Don't stomp on your employees' rights or be disrespectful. â€Å"You don't have to be a jerk to be assertive,† he noted. A dysfunctional, authoritarian manager will be able to ge t employees to comply, but not to commit. â€Å"You want people to commit, because that's how you get your employees to give more than you ask for. † Choose your battles carefully. A smart manager knows that it's better to lose the battle, sometimes, in order to win the war,† Shepard observed. Choosing not to fight a battle you know you can't win is a sign of wisdom, not weakness. Being assertive will earn you respect, but only few know how and when to become assertive. High level executives and managers are generally very assertive. However, if they use their positions of power and authority in order to belittle, intimidate, and control those beneath them, it will cause a lot of trouble and loss of respect over the long term.Employees will begin to resent such executives and managers. Their productivity will eventually begin to fall, and if the dictatorial behavior of the executives and managers continues, it will not be long before the organization begins experiencing a high employee turnover. To avoid this problem, it is important to understand the difference between being assertive and being an autocrat. While some managers avoid dictatorial behavior in favor of being passive, this too is just as bad.The problem with passive managers is that employees often do not know what is expected of them, and they will often take the manager for granted. Employees may violate company policy while working in their department, and they will do this largely because they feel the passive manager will let them get away with it. A manager or executive who is assertive is an individual who maintains a balance between these two extremes. If you are passive or dictatorial, your behavior will have a negative impact on your career sooner or later.A manager who is assertive is an individual who can lead their employees, and they can do it without having to use a firm hand, or raise their voice. Some managers do not understand the difference between assertiveness and aggression, so they choose to be passive. But there is a critical difference between the two. An aggressive manager tends to be an individual who is quick to anger. They will usually bang their fists on the desk when an employee does something wrong, and they have no problem raising their voice or yelling at their subordinates.The aggressive manager will generally treat his employees like children. The problem with this form of behavior is that employees are not children, they are adults, and when you treat adults like children, they tend to harbor a great deal of resentment. The aggressive manager is also quick to criticize the work of his employees. If he sees something wrong with the work of his subordinate, he will be quick to point out all the negative aspects of it, as opposed to the positive aspects. In contrast, a passive manager is someone who is easy to walk over.Because he does not take things seriously, the employees will not take things seriously, and they will often d o what they want despite the company's rules and regulations. The primary reason for this is because the passive manager does not bother to enforce the rules. A passive manager will typically avoid doing anything with his employees that might cause conflict, as they do not want to disrupt the workings of their department. The ironic thing about this view is that those who try to avoid conflict the most are the individuals who are most likely to run into it.While the assertive manager is not aggressive, they make everyone understand that their rules must be followed. In conclusion, changing Alan’s way of managing and supervising shouldn’t be changed because of the way he makes himself available to his employees and thanking each employee for their contributions when the flood happened. Hi manner of managing is what makes his business what it is today. Having his clients respect and trust his provided services.References * Yukl, G. (2008). Leadership in organnizations. ( 7th ed. , pp. 259-257). Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. * Exforsys Inc. (2009, January 29). Traits of an assertive manager. Retrieved from http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/assertive/traits-of-an-assertive-manager. html * Alexander Hamilton Institute. (2012, April 23). Keep employees in check through assertive management techniques. Retrieved from http://www. businessmanagementdaily. com/19465/keep-employees-in-check-through-assertive-management-techniques * HR system: The pros and cons of laid back manpower management. (2012, October 9). Retrieved from http://hrxpayroll. com/blog/hr-system-the-pros-and-cons-of-laid-back-manpower-management/ * Shannon, E. (2004, December 12). The six different types of managers and

Reminiscence and life review are distinctively and central features of late life – Discuss

It is often forgotten that the developmental psychologist Charlotts Buhler in Vienna had written already in the 1930's, of reminiscence as an inevitable part of the ageing process resulting from the individual's need to substantiate his or her life in the face of loss of ability (1933) The way in which reminiscence has become noteworthy in the study of ageing is a remarkable one. It has altered its implication from negative to positive-from being perceived as a sign of mental deterioration to being valued as a normal if not essential component of successful ageing- all in the time frame of less than 10 years. DEFIN REM Many of the problems arise when researchers continue to generate hypothesis that are left untested, and in turn researchers continue to conduct projects without clear theoretical foundations. Theoretical conceptions such as ego integrity remain vaguely defined and resistant to contrary experimental findings, worse still is this inability to arrive or at least agree on, an operational definition. [Another problem is the fact that the current framework limits the research entirely†¦i.e rarely work done on life span-longitudinal reminiscing because it has been stated that it is only in old age and universal so cultural differences haven't been explored] As Haight (1991) noted, labels suggested by various researchers, such as Molinari and Reichlin (1984-1985), Lo Gerfo (1980) and Coleman (1974), are a â€Å"step in the right direction, but none have been adopted as a permanent framework† (1991, p.9) Until such a framework is operational, making generalisations about the nature and functions of the various types of reminiscence will remain difficult. On the contrary Butler states that perhaps life review and reminiscence are not amenable to rigid and precise definitions. UNRUH (89) levels of reminiscing A p. 148 REMINISCNCE According to Webster & Haight reminiscence is highly spontaneous with little structure. It can contain the element of evaluation, but it is not an integral part of reminiscing. The presence or absence of evaluation in reminiscence is probably more dependant on individual personality traits than on any thing provided by modality. Reminiscing is rated low on comprehensiveness, since simple reminiscence involves the recall of relatively independent, isolated episodes from our past. There is no necessary logic, sequence, or theme. There is also no systematic exploration of developmental blocks of time, or attempts to place the recalled memory within a broader psychosocial context. LIFE REVIEW Life review differs from simple reminiscence on many of these dimensions. The spontaneity of the life review is lower than of simple reminiscence because more specific triggers are required to elicit it. Many authours suggest that the life review is triggered by external life events, generally however not exclusively of a crisis or transitional nature. Stress or developmental milestones may prompt a reassessment of past accomplishments, values and goals. The life review is also more structured and comprehensive than simple reminiscence. Life review tends to have sequential recounting from childhood experiences to the present or an identification and systematic elaboration of developmental concerns. There is a grater effort to evaluate the recalled memories in order to derive meaning and purpose. This may entail working through painful emotional episodes as well as positive, self-enhancing memories. Evaluation involves renegotiating previous sources of anger, shame, embarrassment, guilt and other assorted negative emotions can be reconstrued in more positive terms. Webster and Young (1988) have suggested that a comprehensive life review entails the recall, evaluation, and synthesis of positive and negative memories. Recall, or simple reminiscence, is therefore only one part of the life review process. E.ERICKSON According to Erickson (1959, 1963, 1982), one of the most important functions of reminiscing is to help the individual achieve ego integrity. This is the cumulative product of having successfully resolved the earlier stages of development. It is' reaping of the benefits of the life richly spent, not only in the storehouse of memories, but in the function of problems worked through, plans executed, mediation undertaken, suffering survived' (Ulanov, 1981, p. 113). The attainment of ego integrity is a lifelong process, according to Erickson. It depends on successful management of developmental conflicts, acceptance of one's life cycle without regrets, and harmonization of different stages of life without fear of death. The hallmark of ego integrity is wisdom. Butlers 1975 view of ego integrity is less ambitious, he believes that people take pride in feeling of having done their best, of having met challenge and difficulty and sometimes from simply having survived terrible odds, and it is this quality of serenity and wisdom which is derived from resolving personal conflicts. Butler suggests that the life review is the primary mechanism whereby ego integrity is achieved. Erickson (1963) believed that mastery is a major source of satisfaction and proposed that the desire to achieve autonomy begins in early childhood. The subsequent developmental tasks to achieve initiative, competence and generativity are all related to the need for mastery. Both Adler (1927/1957, 1958) and Fromm (1947) postulated that people possess an innate drive to overcome helplessness experienced in childhood through mastery over their environment. The task of maintaining a sense of agency and mastery becomes increasingly difficult in later years. Regardless of how we glorify the golden age, sooner or later the harsh realities of ageing descend on all of us. Unless we die prematurely, we all suffer the relentless ageing process. Old age can be a breeding ground for feelings of inferiority because of diminished coping resources and the chronicity of age related problems. We feel helpless when there is no cure to health problems and when our memories are failing us. We are made to feel inferior when we have to ask others to do this we used to do well. These memories may be compounded by memories of childhood situations associations with feelings of inferiority. It has been suggested that the active mastery of middle age changes into more positive mode, or even a magic mode of mastery in old age (neugarten & Gutmann, 1958). In their desire for greater mastery, the elderly's perception of personal control may become highly inflated sometimes their perceived control may be based on wishful thinking and fantasy. P. 33 Forty years have passed since Butler first suggested the important role of reminiscing in later life. His research has retained the attention of researchers from a range of disciplines, however subsequent studies have been at time inconclusive, contradictory and unclear about the nature and function of reminiscing. The majority of researchers have focused their studies exclusively on older individuals, which infers that reminiscence is unique to the later stages of life. Mirriam 1993 notes that the assumptions about the universality of reminiscence amongst older adults may be false or stereotypical, since age may not be the most significant factor in reminiscence behaviour. LIFE REVIEW Definitions of reminiscence are remarkably diverse. Butler described the life review as ‘a naturally occurring, universal mental process characterised by the progressive return to consciousness of past experiences, and particularly the resurgence of unresolved conflicts (1963, p.66) He argued that the life review is conceived as a ‘possible response to the biological fact of death' What is clear about reminiscing is that it is a selective process in which memories are evoked and reconstructed, probably with varying degrees of intensity and emotional involvement. UNRUH 1989 orders or levels of the past!!! The idea that there may be different levels to the reminiscing process may alleviate the confusion of contradictory findings in studies.

Malaysia Is A Multiracial Country Essay

Malaysia is a multiracial country with a rich cultural heritage. Here, people strongly believe in respecting each other’s culture and religion. Malaysia is unique because of its diversity of races, religions and cultures, the stability of the country and many places of interests. Besides, there are many international achievements which are the pride of our nation. Diversity of races, religions and cultures is a significant characteristisc of our nation. Languages There are as many languages spoken in Malaysia as there are people of different ethnic backgrounds. Bahasa Malaysia is the official language, but luckily for expats in Malaysia, English is an active second language which is widely spoken particularly by business people. The official term for the English used by people living in Malaysia is Malaysian Standard English. The use of â€Å"Manglish† is a form of colloquial English with Malay, Chinese and Tamil influences often heard on the streets, is being actively discouraged by the government. In total, there are over 130 different languages spoken in Malaysia. The most common ones – apart from the Bahasa Malaysia and English – are various Chinese dialects as well as Tamil. Costumes Most Malaysians dress as Westerners do but many Muslim women wear long skirts or pants and head scarves. On special occasion, people from each ethnic group wear their traditional clothes. For Malay women, they wear the baju kurung while Malay men wear the baju melayu with a songkok on their head. Althernatively, the men wear batik shirts with trousers. Indian women wear the sari. The salwar kameez or Punjabi suit is popular with northern Indian ladies. The kurta is the traditional attire for men or formal occasions. For Chinese , the traditional clothes for women is Cheongsam while for the man they wear samfu. Peranakan ladies are also known as Baba Nyonya , they are Chinese immigrants who intermarried Malay partners. They wear the elegant Kebaya that can be described as traditional high fashion.

Purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Purpose - Essay Example Disadvantages, in this case, refer to the problems that may be caused when the goods are consumed. The main purpose of Hazard communication is to ensure that the existing dangers or hazards of all the chemicals produced locally or imported are evaluated properly, and thus any information concerning their dangers are revealed or transmitted to the employees and the employers, as well. The transmittal is always accomplished by means of effective and comprehensive hazard programs. The programs include container labeling, material safety data sheets, as well as, employee training. Problem Definition Safety dangers or hazards related to physical features and characteristics can be easily and objectively defined with the use of testing requirements such as flammability. The definition of health hazards is more subjective and less precise. Health hazards, as understood and explained by health specialists, can result into measurable changes in the human body, for instance, reduced pulmonary function. The changes are indicated by the occurrences and the presences of symptoms and signs among the employees exposed to them. Such symptoms include a non measurable subjective feeling, as well as, shortness of breath. Determination of occupational health hazards always prove a great challenge, complicated by the fact that many of the common effects or signs occur mainly in non-occupationally exposed populations, in such away that the exposure effects are difficult or challenging to separate from the common and recurring illnesses. There are occasional situations whereby a substance may cause an effect hardly seen or visible in the population, at large. An example is angiosarcomas, which results from the exposure to vinyl chloride. This makes it easier for the establishment of the certainties that the occupational was the actual and the primary causative agent. Nevertheless, the effects are common, for instance, lung cancer. Normally, the situation becomes worse and complicated due to the fact that most chemicals have not been well adequately tested in order to determine the potential of their health hazards, and the data does not exist for the substantiation of the effects. Efforts by many scientists have come up with results and basis of categorizing effects, as well as, their definition in many ways. The general or the overall accepted terms â€Å"chronic† and â€Å"acute† used or applied in this area to come to the delineation between the effects on fundamental basis of duration or severity. â€Å"Acute† effects normally happen rapidly due to exposures that are considered short terms, and are always of short duration. â€Å"Chronic† effects occur due to long term exposures of an individual to the hazards. Unlike the Acute ones, they are of long term durations. The acute effects, that are most frequently referred, in this case, are those that defined by the US major body, the American National Standards of Institute (ANSI) s tandard for the Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Industrial Chemicals (osha.cov). Such hazards include corrosivity, lethal dose and sensitization. Despite these being obvious health effects, they never cover adequately the chronic effect areas, excluding, for instance, the blood dyscrasias such as anemia, liver atrophy and bronchitis. The same is applicable with the term chronic effect, which is often used in the reference to only

What main aspects and impacts of the Thirty-Years-War are reflected in Assignment

What main aspects and impacts of the Thirty-Years-War are reflected in Grimmelshausen's Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus - Assignment Example novel written in satirical style Grimmelshausen depicted decline and collapse of his country’s population and peasants suffering from the cruel war. He wanted to show the peasants’ protest against injustice, lack of food, taxation, social and religious intolerance, and violence. The fact that Simplicissimus is full of progressive political argumentation shows that Grimmelshausen very well informed about politics and details of the war. As a person who participated in the war he described the events and draw small details very precisely. The novel is worth-reading and historically valuable. In spite of the fact that the author chooses no concrete heroes as protagonists, Simplicissimus, who is considered to be the main character of the book, tells the story of an innocent child who got experience in The Thirty-Years-War. In general he tells the life stories of people who participate in the war and should fight in order to survive, but in the end they are either physically injured or mentally traumatized. The book was written under the horrific impressions of the Thirty-Years-War and as it contains a lot of facts from the author’s life, it is considered to be an autobiographic novel. Simplicius tries to correct mishaps of the world and in the funny way tells the truth about all evils. After lots of misfortunes he decides to settle on an uninhabited island. He undergoes different stages of life (military service, triumph, wealth, disease, travels etc.), but finally, the character withdraws from the world. Like the author Simplicius was separated from his family and had to do a military service. The place of birth (Hanau), the siege of Magdeburg, the exploits in Westphalia correspond to the facts from Grimmelshausen’s life. All the events, which are documentary ones, have appropriate chronological order, because imaginary events are well documented. Thus, â€Å"Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus† is a great document in German literature, which presents

Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle by Jonathan Vogel Article

Are There Counterexamples to the Closure Principle by Jonathan Vogel - Article Example To help make his point, the author provides a clear example in the form of a Dretske case regarding a zebra in a zoo. Through this example, the author is then able to explain the Dretske argument relatively clearly, illustrating what is meant by the Closure principle and how this principle ends up facing a counterexample. From here, he then proves how the counterexample fails in this particular case. This presentation of his argument makes it much easier to understand than some of the other articles on this subject. By presenting a relatively concrete case full of strong imagery, the author makes it possible for the layman reader to follow his thoughts and then gain a relatively clear understanding of what he’s saying. Then he expands his case to apply to a broader example, using examples of car theft and the lottery to explain what he calls the lottery proposition, in which possibilities have to exist somewhere in order for that to be considered a counterexample. In analyzing these examples, the author illustrates how the principles discovered do not undercut skepticism even though they prove that counterexamples to the closure principle do not exist. The detailed style of the article and the straight-forward ‘concrete’ form of his examples, rather than the abbreviated ps and qs of other articles, makes it possible to follow his thought to its final

ENGINEERING PRODUCTS LTD (CASE STUDY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ENGINEERING PRODUCTS LTD (CASE STUDY) - Essay Example uman Resources (HR) department acquires an importance in the success or failure of the company’s international operations (Quintanilla and Ferner, 2003). The HR department adopts numerous ways in which they could attempt homogenization of the various practices that are being adopted in the Headquarter of the company so that the uniformity in the products with respect to the quality can be achieved, as it is the order of the day that the customers insist on the consistency in the product design and quality. Such consistency can be achieved only by integrating the practices throughout the organization. While the HR Management takes the efforts for integration, they are usually confronted with various issues of power and control which are outlined in this paper while analyzing the case of Engineering Products Limited. The paper also discusses the implications on the managers and non-managers of the organization as a result of such integration efforts. Engineering Products Limited with more than 33,000 workers undertook a restructuring and expansion plan out of which the company expanded globally with more than half of the employees work in their overseas locations. Having three distinct business areas in automotive components, defence and industrial services, the company’s automotive components division being the largest have its employees scattered in the European countries Germany, France and Spain. A smaller percentage of them are placed in UK as well as North America. With the major customers of the company insisting on the same specification of the components produced in all the company’s location, the HR Department of the company is in an attempt to transfer the ‘best practices’ of the company to all its locations. For that purpose they adopt the following methods: One of the key areas of attention of the Management at the Head Quarter of the company is to adopt various management structures that can possibly help the exchange of information among

Memory Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Memory Management - Essay Example The partitioning that is done in memory for its allocation can be fixed. There are two possible methods whereby which queues may be used to bring processes into the memory for execution. The first method is by using a single queue and the second method I by using multiple queues as shown in the fig. 1. Figure 1 Fixed memory Partitioning. Using multiple queues Using Single Queue Mechanism The first available memory location that is large enough to hold the process is allocated All processes get lined up into a single queue. The partition closest to the process that can hold it is assigned to that process. Advantages Load is balanced. Arrived processes are transferred evenly into all memory partitions. As soon as a memory partition gets free it is assigned to a waiting process. The allocation process is very quick. The allocation process does not waste memory space. Disadvantages Any memory size that may be more than the size of the process gets lost. Moreover the queues of small parti tions are often lined up with several processes while those with larger partitions are often left untouched. The drawback is that even though large sizes of memory are free small processes are not allocated that memory and they stay lined up in the queues of smaller memory sized partitions waiting for their turn to come. A large partition may be wasted on a small job resulting in loss of large amounts of memory. Unbalanced load. Some queues may be empty while others are fully loaded. 2. What is the swapping technique? Why is it needed for multiprogramming environment? Swapping generally means interchanging the contents of two different spaces using a third temporary empty content space. Swapping is used as a memory management technique for multiprogramming environment. For a program to execute it is mandatory to acquire physical memory or main/primary memory. In a uni-processor environment multiple programs can simultaneously be executed by overlapping an I/O of a program with the e xecution of another program. Due to the limited size of physical memory it is very difficult to accommodate all of the required programs in main memory. To accommodate new programs currently running programs are swapped out on the basis of their activity status. For example when a program asks for data from secondary storage, it has to wait for complete input. Meanwhile due to Direct Memory Access the CPU remains available for other programs. The operating system thus swaps out the waiting program with the one that needs to be executed with the CPU. Upon completion of data transfer the earlier program is invoked and swapped into the memory again. This is how swapping works for multiprogramming environment. 3. Discuss the main function(s) of each of the following operating system parts: a) Memory management Unit The Memory Management Unit is said to serve as a buffering agent between the Central Processing Unit and the memory of the system. The functions that are performed by this un it may roughly be categorized into three categories. These are: 1. Operating System Memory Management, 2. Hardware Memory Management and 3. Application Memory Management. Specifically speaking, it translates address from their virtual address format into their physical address format. b) Linker â€Å"Performs the function of linking the libraries to the object code in order to transform the object code into an executable machine.† (cool interview, 2012).

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Assignment Example In one analysis, 80 matched pairs of male and female expatriates were obtained to find out the percentage of the type of work they did and the level of education they had achieved. In 1980s, women expatriates were only about 3%, this grew gradually to 13.9% in 1990s. In some countries, due to religious affairs, women are not allowed to work. However, in some countries women were more interested in performing managerial tasks than men. The variations were also a result of geographic location, political stability/instability and culture and beliefs of certain countries. However, the researches that were done could not be carried out on a worldwide basis due to barriers of religious, traditional and cultural grounds. It was also found that women were less satisfied with expatriation and repatriation as compared with men, who were more satisfied with both. Value to reader: In a nutshell, as opposed to former presumptions, women are able to succeed in international assignments. More multinational organizations should be in the practice of employing passionate and ambitious women for managerial tasks. Former Chief Executive Officer and current Chairman of the Board of Procter and Gamble believes that international assignments were the main base which helped him become a global achiever. He joined P&G in 1963 as a staff assistant. As he became more experienced, he was awarded promotions, and in 1990 he assumed leadership of P&G’s international business. Design/Methodology/Approach: Dealing with uncertainty, knowing customers, balancing tensions and appreciating diversity are the main determining factors of success in terms of widespread business. These explain the situations where a manager has to go abroad and tackle with barriers such as language, cultural and ethnic, to know the likes and dislikes of the people and to be able to understand diversity and variations in almost everything. Mr. Pepper reflects about

The Problems of Contemporary American Culture Assignment

The Problems of Contemporary American Culture - Assignment Example Many teenagers disrespect their parents, adults, the elderly, and traditions. The media no longer differentiate the news from gossip and personal opinions. Many people assert their rights without knowing and doing their responsibilities as law-abiding and productive citizens. We have high rates of recidivism, because we not prepare ex-convicts for re-integration into community life. Sapiental Circle Questions What do you cherish about American culture? Respondent 1 Sex: Male Age: 52 Relationship: Neighbor and friend Answer: I cherish the belief in the American Dream, where any people from any gender, race, and age can attain happiness and success through hard work and determination. Respondent 2 Sex: Female Age: 39 Relationship: Mother’s friend Answer: I cherish the freedoms in American culture that other societies do not have, like freedom of speech and freedom of demonstration. Respondent 3 Sex: Male Age: 19 Relationship: Cousin Answer: I like that we have freedoms. I can cr iticize my government without being killed for my views. Respondent 4 Sex: Female Age: 18 Relationship: Friend Answer: I like the notion of the American Dream and our freedoms. It means we can be who we want to be and no one can stop us. We can speak our minds and we can still wake up and live another day. Classmate 1 Sex: Female Age: 20 Relationship: Friend Answer: The best in American culture is our freedoms. ... Respondent 1 Answer: So many youth nowadays have no respect for their parents and adults. They think they know everything and yet they know nothing, even about themselves and their culture. Respondent 2 Answer: Mass media makes me sick. I rarely watch TV nowadays. It’s all about selling sex, violence, and materialism. Respondent 3 Answer: People fight for their rights, but they don’t want the responsibilities that go with it. They just want this and that, but they will not give time for issues that matter. Respondent 4 Answer: I find it problematic that media glorifies skinny and perfectly beautiful models and actresses. They teach youth that they can never be young, pretty, and sexy enough. They teach poor self-esteem and self worth. Classmate 1 Answer: The problem is the lack of self-criticism, the inability to stop and examine our weaknesses. Media also sucks. It’s driven by money and produces sexual, misogynistic, and materialistic images and messages all the time. Classmate 2 Answer: It’s problematic that people no longer care about each other. They are too individualistic. I also dislike its apparent lack of respect for other cultures in other countries. We cannot force our ideals on others, no matter how noble we think they are. My Own Answers What do you cherish about American culture? I cherish the concept of the American Dream and our civil rights and freedoms. Migrants and natives can both reach their ideals of success and happiness. They have the liberty and support from the government too, which help them reach their dreams in life. What do you find problematic in America culture? I find it problematic that the culture is steeped with materialism, sensationalism, discrimination, indifference, immorality

Cemex Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cemex Case Study - Coursework Example In terms of markets, the developing countries of China and India may be seen as some of most important due to large scale cement consumption and production fuelled by large scale economic growth (OECD 2010, 2009). It may be expected that in future years as wealth becomes higher per capita in these markets, that demand begins to fall to levels seen in the developed world. In addition, the nature of products consumed in developing markets also varies from those of the developed world. Here there is a preference for pre-bagged building materials as opposed to bulk delivery, a trend which is reversed in developed markets. 2. In terms of global capacity, Cemex ranks as third with a capacity of 64.7 million tons, this compares to market leader Lafarge’s capacity of 108 million tons and Taiheiyo in sixth place at 37.9 million tons. Despite the capacity of the company, Cemex ranks as number one by market share in 9 of its key 13 markets and second in anther three. As such, Cemexâ€⠄¢s overall capacity lags behind the total demand for the company’s products making the company a global sourcer. ... This however, may be seen as linked to the unique characteristics of such markets which have a propensity to favour local or national producers over the large international players such as Cemex. As such, despite being a global player, Cemex may still be seen as lacking a substantial presence in key regional markets in both Asia and Africa. 3. Overall, it would appear that Cemex after the current round of acquisitions is now a â€Å"broad† player within the market for building products, while the firm had previously focused on cement (Jobber, 2007). Recent acquisitions has seen the company moving into both the aggregates and ready mixed concrete market. With regards to Cemex’s generic strategy, it would appear that the company follows a cost leadership model (Porter, 2004). This can be seen in the so called â€Å"Cemex way† in which on making an acquisition the company attempts to implement a two way process of rationalisation taking the best and most cost effect ive practises from both the parent company and the acquisitioned company and then implementing the most cost effective. There is however, one area in which Cemex may be seen as developing a differentiated strategy. In the market for bagged cements, Cemex was the first producer to developed a â€Å"branded† option, thus making the product more attractive in the lucrative home build market segment. In addition, the company also makes small local changes to the produce based upon customer perceptions of quality. For instance while the Egyptian market shows a preference for darker colours cements, Cemex’s home markets in South America require a lighter coloured product. Despite this attempt to differentiate the product, it would appear that the market as a whole is

Alternative Energy Sources Essay Example for Free

Alternative Energy Sources Essay Scientist have been on a great journey for years (especially in the 21st century) for a better and more efficient way to harness energy, that does not pose a negative impact on our environment. Many paths have been explored and a few of them are: Tidal Power, Solar Windows, Nuclear Waste, Flying Wind Farms, and Nuclear fusion. In my research I have found some of these sources to be more practical than others. However, they all contain the potential to be large scaled and put into effect if not in the near future then in the distant future. A few that I wanted to key in on is: Tidal Power, Solar Windows, and Flying Wind Farms. Why is it necessary for us to look into alternative sources? Well it is because in our current situation we are polluting our environments with harmful substances that can have long lasting impacts. Not only does these substances affect the human life but also the wild life. That is only one aspect of need in our world. Another aspect would be in third world countries. Cheap and efficient ways to harness power will bring many of these countries out of poverty and into wealth, benefiting us all. Tidal power is the process of harnessing the energy from waves in the sea/ocean. This idea was at one point highly sought out for. However, as wind turbines started to come into the picture this idea was put aside and neglected for a few years. Recently this idea has been getting more attention and has been resurfacing as an engineer with the air force has created a way to harness theoretically 99% of its energy (as opposed to the 50% it was getting a few years ago). In past projects drag was the main element used to capture the energy. The new method from the air force engineer uses lift instead of drag which gave him higher results in the end. I can strongly see this source of energy playing a big part in powering our homes day in and day out. Solar Windows is a higher level of solar panels. A recent break-through in quantum dot solar technology enables solar panels to act as transparent windows. When this technology becomes available to the public, every window  in every metropolitan building (highly efficient) to every household can be equipped to power itself. In the Past four years itself the US has increased its solar capacity by 500% in seeing its potential for an avenue in clean energy source. So this is yet another source that I strongly believe and trust will have an impact on our environment. Flying Wind Farms comprised of Buoyant Air Turbines (BAT) is an interesting topic. It involves a blimp and a wind turbine fused together to get into higher altitudes (1000-2000 ft) to get stronger and more consistent winds. Not only is the energy harnessed but also this blimp will also act as a double to provide Wi-Fi in a larger scale. It is predetermined that the entire tower based wind farms will be replaced by BAT. These Bat devices are capable of retracting and extending in altitude as it senses the wind pressure getting too strong or too weak. The wind turbines were initially considered a hoax but now have taken the industry by storm. In saying that I do see a future for this innovation. However, I do not see it being accomplished in the near future. Overall my understanding is that there are many ways to harness renewable energy, however, some will be more efficient than the others. In the short list that I presented I see the Tidal power project having the greatest capacity to be seen in the near future. It is also one of the most efficient forms of collecting energy as it can collect up to 99% of the tidal energy. This will be great for a large scale like powering entire cities. However, for an average consumer looking to power their homes then I would point them to the Solar Windows as soon as they arrive in the market, because they provide an energy source without having to sacrifice appeal of the home. As regular solar panels tend to be bulky and weird looking sitting on the top of the roofs. As scientists and engineers look for alternative energy sources lets provide our support by simply accepting the fact that there is a need for all these alternative energy sources.

The Policing Of Drugs Criminology Essay

The Policing Of Drugs Criminology Essay Canada has a problem with drug suppliers and the individuals that use these drugs. Canada has a unique way of dealing with the problem that has been working effectively. This is supply reduction, demand reduction, prevention, treatment, harm reduction and public education and The police and the communities all working together toward the goal of reducing drugs all over Canada. It is important to target the communities and make sure that they understand what the ongoing problem is so that they can contribute to eliminating the source. (University, 2011) The whole community must be involved in the needs of society when members are dealing drugs in their community. Individuals must not ignore this serious situation. It may not seem that dire if your neighbour is selling drugs but it really is that dire. There will be increased amount of traffic from individuals looking to purchase drugs at all hours of the day and night. It provides an unsafe environment for all the families that live near or around these types of unwanted behaviours. Drugs bring a whole list of concerns to the table such as many types of unwanted individuals will be trolling the neighbour from drug addicts to gangs. There is concern that there could be break-in on houses and cars because of drug addicts needing items to sell or trade for drugs. Gang members are usually the ones mostly selling the drugs. This is because this is where they frequently get their primary source of income. This is so that they will be able to fund other illegal activities that will benefit them even more. The many types of illegal activities they could be involved in are organized prostitution, weapons related offences, smuggling of individuals, travel document counterfeiting or credit card skimming. Gangs use violence to increase their situation and use their unpleasant character to advance their illegal endeavors. Drug trafficking is commonly connected to other more serious crimes. It is often used to sponsor the more violent and detrimental behavior of the illegal terrorist organizations. This is because of the major cash remuneration resulting from moderately negligible time and venture. The types of drugs they tend to sell are crack cocaine, ecstasy, crystal methamphetamine and marijuana. Gangs tend to sell drugs on the streets or from inside a home in communities. This can lead to turf wars or fights over drugs and who gets to sell in which territory. Drugs can be quite profitable if the gang has enough clients so situations of gang violence in communities can be worrisome to all involved living in and around these types of individuals. The problem with drugs is far reaching and has many consequences than just the end user because along the way many other illegal activities are occurring. A major concern is individuals making or growing drugs in houses. Houses in which have been used for growing marijuana need to be condemned, as they are not fit for living in due to number of health concerns. One such problem is the amount of mold due to all the moisture in the house. It is important to make sure that individuals are safe but there is a far larger concern than the growing of marijuana. One such problem would be the methamphetamine labs exploding are a huge concern a s they affect the houses around them with a potential fire or even result in fatalities. Individuals in the community must not fear speaking out against the drug dealers. It is important to notify the police and work with your communities to control the problem. Catching a problem before it explodes into a more severe problem assists to remove the situation from the communities. When individuals are on drugs this poses a danger to innocents such as children and pets when individuals are on drugs. Drugs cause individuals to fight and be disorderly in their conduct. Educating the public is important so that they understand what to look for and what they need to be reporting to make their community a safe place. Crime Stoppers are a great way for the general public to be able to make a complaint and help in eliminating drugs in their communities. The Calgary Police Service has been effective in recruiting police officers that operates as the liaison between the police services and Crime Stoppers. The Calgary Police services Gang Strategy Unit and the Drug Unit working with Crime Stoppers, can do a lot to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of drugs. This could be in the form of recommending the users attend drug rehab or forcing them through arrests as part of a rehabilitation program. Making sure that the dealers and gang members are arrested and procedures are put in place so that they cannot easily have access to selling drugs. This could be through bail requirements or the sentencing of having a curfew, no cell phone usage, no associating with other known offenders. Many types of other offenses are involved with the problem of drugs. It is important that all the units work together to share vital information to allow for the most effective means of preventing the drugs on the streets and in homes. (The Calgary Police, 2011) The Calgary Police Service and the Calgarys Gang Strategy unit is dedicated to bringing to a halt the violent behavior and eliminating the illegal actions of the gangs that surround drug dealers. The Organized Crime Operations Centre or the OCOC has been developed to organize the prevalent resources essential to deal with the present gang predicament directly. The organization is able to exchange vital information, methods and demonstrated approach with other North American metropolitan cities that have effectively dealt with the illegal gang behavior. The Calgary Police Service has established an inclusive initiative to curb the gangs unsuitable behavior. The Calgary Police Service has a four-point gang strategy, which is through education, prevention, investigation and disruption. (The Calgary Police, 2011) The Drug Unit coordinates investigations of illegal drug distribution within Calgary. It is responsible for investigating street-level drug dealers, targeting crack houses and other locations where drug use may be common. Certain officers are qualified to give expert testimony in court. Members of the Unit also deliver educational and awareness programs for various groups including schools, community associations and healthcare agencies. (The Calgary Police, 2011) It is important that the police and community are able to provide each other with valuable information. This is so that it keeps all organizations are current on the latest status of the safety of the communities. When communities work, together much can be achieved in terms of removing the unwanted behaviours from a particular community. Awareness is the key to initiating any type of investigation into drug issues. Undercover police are used to infiltrate the gangs that sell drugs to street level dealers. The problems associated with drug abuse endure and continue to expand in most areas of the globe. The international abuse of prohibited drugs and the drug trafficking state of affairs is becoming further multifaceted. Many factors contribute to this including the recreational drug abuser with a higher disposable income; a increase in demand and ease of accessibility for most varieties of prohibited drugs; the cultural, economic and political transformations caused by the instant interactions and globalization that have been the forerunner to progressively more wide open borders between many different countries. The drug trade involves all aspects of problems that contribute to the increase of drugs all over the world in most countries. This would be through the producers, growers, users, suppliers, couriers and dealers. (University, 2011) The illegal drugs are a substantial encumber on the Canadian economy and the individuals that abuse these substances. It has been estimated it may cost Canadians around $9 billion annually for the expanse of dealing with the drug issue. This would be including the court system, police services, imprisonment, productivity deficit, medical expenditures and work non-attendance. Those that are addicted to these illicit drugs can also be a threat to themselves, their families, and their communities. (University, 2011) The approach that the Canadian government has taken towards the drug is much different from other countries such as the United States, which has had a war on drugs. Canadas National Anti-Drug Strategy aims to prevent illegal drug use through these following methods: supply reduction, demand reduction, prevention, treatment, harm reduction. The strategy aims to enhance the necessary treatment programs, drug users health and everyone understanding of illegal drugs through education. (University, 2011) Community based programs are used to deal with deterrence, health endorsements, drug treatment, and harm reduction issues. Public education campaigns on substance use and drug abuse, with a specific focus on the youth, to provide Canadians with information to facilitate knowledgeable health and lifestyle decisions. (University, 2011) Supply Reduction is used to control the availability of drugs through stopping the production of crops, smuggling and trafficking. It is important to provide an alternative crop for farmers to grow if the illegal crop is to be prevented. If the drugs are not available for production or sale then supply reduction is working toward the intended goal. (University, 2011) Demand Reduction is meant to diminish the users or potential users from the drugs. This is through education and prevention programs that allows these individuals to learn more about the harm and damage of drugs in the hopes they will not use or they will discontinue using the drugs. The less people interested in purchasing the drugs the less demand a particular will have and the supply will be diminished from that point on. The drug treatment courts are a huge part of the demand reduction since they sentence drug users that have been charged with an offense due to their drug use. (University, 2011) Prevention is by way of the Prevention Action Plan that teaches the youth about illegal drugs and the problems associated with illegal drug use in the hopes of achieving prevention before they even begin. It is important to provide all kinds of information and real people to tell their stories of the hardships they had to bear because of an addition. The Treatment Action Plan, which works toward being able to sustain groundbreaking and efficient advances in the areas of drug treatment. This is to be able to effectively deal with and provide proper aid in their recovery to the addiction of the illicit drugs. (University, 2011) Harm Reduction is used particularly for policies or programs that aim to reduce the harm without necessarily requiring abstinence. if they can be shown to reduce drug-related harm rather than just reduce use and if they are not coercive or punitive in their approach. Some harm reduction strategies designed to achieve safer drug use may, range from simple practices such as needle and syringe exchanges to reduce the rates of needle-sharing among injecting drug users, which can spread HIV, to the more complex such as methadone maintenance treatment, supervised consumption facilities, street testing of drugs, and heroin prescription. (University, 2011) Enforcement actions are vital for preserving a definite amount of power over the flow of drugs in addition to imparting a substantial appearance of the social contempt of drugs. Illegal drug use is so complex and pervasive; it involves law enforcement at almost every turn. The justice-related costs associated with illicit drug use, including expenses for police, courts, and correctional services, have been estimated by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse at about $2 billion annually (University, 2011) (Rehm et al., 2006). I agree with the way that the police force and the Canadian government have decided to deal with the drug problem. Educating and providing safe options is better than putting every drug user through court who has not committed a crime that deems an arrest. It is far too costly to deal with every drug user that exists within Canada. It is better to reduce the supply and availability of the unwanted drugs in the community. Educating the public is a far better option so that the community can understand all the factors of drugs and drugs users and the problem associated with this. There will always be drugs as there will be people wanting to use them. The Canadian government understands these problems. They have therefore has taken a more proactive approach to reduce the amount of people interested in abusing drugs. They are effective in providing treatment and new habits that will aid the individuals in not being as debilitated. This is through education programs, health care and needle exchange programs. No one can win the war on drugs since there will always be individuals that want an illegal escape from reality. As long as the government deems it illegal, the allure will persist. It would not be a good idea to allow harsh drugs such as cocaine or crystal methamphetamine to be legal but marijuana should be legalized, if only to be one less problem for the police to deal with. This is because it takes such a toll on the justice system and the police force. Illegal drugs cause suffering and long-term abuse for the individual and it is important that these in dividuals are given a second chance at creating a new life.

Personal Skill Audit And Self Assessment

Personal Skill Audit And Self Assessment A personal skills audit is a very good way for an individual to identify his/her strengths and needs to develop in a healthy atmosphere. It has been proven very useful for people to keep themselves on the career track mainly ambitious managers and entrepreneurs. The personal skills audit depends on the area of business you are working in too and varies with the different areas and environments. Here we will realize the whole idea from the prospective of an individual that how one can evaluate himself in the light of some of major personal attributes and skills required for a better and bright career. The whole personal skills area can be distributed in few sections under which come few questions identifying the presence of that particular skill in your personality through the responses you give against those questions. I have divided the audit in 5-6 such sections naming Ability and eagerness to learn new things, Information seeing skills, Reading and note making, Communication skills , General business skills, management skills , leadership skills etc. now under these sections are the questions against which an individuals response is recorded these responses may be in terms of ratings one gives to a particular attribute that is how important a particular skill is or it can be the other way which I have adopted. Few sections and questions that I have used for my personal skills audit will be presented here to give the exact idea of the whole scenario. The responses are divided in four categories Can do this, need more practice to do this, cant do this, priority of the skill. (How to change careers a personal skills audit) Learning and organization- I plan my strategies to manage my time I am able to work under deadlines I am able to prioritize my tasks and continue learning Communication skills I am good with expressing my views verbally I am confident and have a very little stage fear I am ready to listen views of others and appreciate it Management and leadership skills- I am good with managing my resources and bring the best out of them I work well as a part or member of the team as well as the leader of the team I am good with convincing people and get my work done I am good at addressing and motivating my team mates Stress management- I know what the causes of stress are I know my extent of handling the stress I can use my strategies to handle any kind of mental stress These questions will be answered in the responses can do, need practice to do and cant do along with this they will be given a priority number according to the importance of an individual skill in ones personality. Personal Development Plan Next part is analyzing the Personal development planning which will directly be linked with the personal traits we have discussed above as on the basis of our responses given against each of the question under each section we can figure out our strong and weak points and know what we are really good at and what not which will help us to bring our best qualities out and strengthen them also there might be some attributes of our personality which may be hidden and might come out after this analysis and can be used later on for some good. (How to change careers a personal skills audit) Under personal development planning our first question is- Am I able to identify my personal goals? As we know without a goal a person is nothing but a rolling stone which goes in any direction he is kicked but that only because he cannot think about this we human beings have this ability to set and figure out personal goals for ourselves and make efforts to achieve them. Every individual might have a different goal some of us want to be big business men and some want to be social workers for me it is a combination of both I want to be an entrepreneur who can bring technology to masses and give them its advantage. Am I being able to judge my strengths and area of development? The idea behind the personal skills assessment was bringing out strong and weak points of an individuals personality and finds the scope of improvement in the weak points if any. So its very important to know your strengths and use them in a constructive manner. Am I being able to spot opportunities of learning and growth of my career? This is one very important point for every ambitious individual who is looking to grow the field of his expertise. Spotting out opportunities which can give you chance to enhance your learning and scope to grow your career is of utmost importance in any working environment and should always be kept in mind. Now these questions are needed to be asked in a regular interval of time from ourselves and take the feedback of how much we are following the plan we had set for ourselves. This feedback will always help us to asses us in the light of the goals set before us and give us the exact idea of any further improvements if needed. Overall Progress Setting Objectives The objective one puts in front of himself is the ultimate goal he is looking for but things like this do not come very easily and soon. There is a lot of effort and regular monitoring is involved. I review my objectives and steps I suggested to be taken to achieve the same in every month and analyze the extent I am close to it and what were the right steps I took in this direction and what were wrong. for example if I have decided to read a particular book at the starting of a month and I have spend most of the time in other activities rather than reading that book then at the end of the month when I will review the whole situation it will come out itself that my focus and will power is not that strong and I need to work on that which will help me to achieve my objective ultimately which is reading the book in this case and as this is just an example the concept can be understood in a broader prospective which is career and life. (Business tips and tricks) Learning Style Each individual has its own way of learning and analyzing the information in different way. While most of the people deliver the information is one convenient way still here we will analyze different important and famous learning styles which are used today. There are many ways to classify the learning styles and most of such classifications are based on individuals perception. On the basis of the perception of one such individual we have categorized the learning styles in four categories listed below- Converging- It is based on understanding the abstract concepts and implementing them practically Diverging It is based on coming up with new ideas and seeing things from a different prospect Assimilating- It is based on building theoretical models by inductive reasoning Accommodating- It is based on actively participating in the important ideas going around My learning style among these four categories is Converging as I believe in understanding the concept first and then visualize it in a real time scenario with the help of technical and personal skills I am having. (Business tips and tricks) Lifelong Learning The concept of lifelong learning is not new usually people expect learning to be a source and medium too to build a bright career and earn a pile of money which is not at all wrong but that should not be the ultimate objective as we say its not all about luxury but for the life as well. Four very important factors this whole idea strongly lies on are Learning to know Learning to do Learning to live together Learning to be It also proves the point that learning is an integral part of life not only to earn money but also to live a happy and transient life. My suggestion to encourage the lifelong learning is the same frame of mind which promotes education and learning beyond the money and luxury column and it should always kept in mind that learning doesnt have any age or status bar and it is supposed to move with you throughout your life being a very integral part of your life. Time Management Strategies The major time management strategies I have adopted to achieve my objectives are following with their importance in ones daily schedule. Dont waste time: Seems quite obvious but very important point. I used to waste a lot of time watching videos, checking email often and using social networking websites which consumed most of my time without giving me any valuable knowledge so I decided to quit that. Make a Calendar: Running things that you have to do in your head is not an ideal way to keep track of things it will be better to have a calendar and mark important date in it because if you are free it might be easy to keep such things in mind but once you have a lot of work it is hell of a job and in a fast era like today you are not allowed to make many mistakes so keep yourself updated. Work from anywhere and everywhere: Use online tools like Gmail, Google documents and others so that you can work from anywhere from your computer as internet is available everywhere today it will help you to stay ahead of the curve. Break your work into chunks: Do work in small pieces as it might be possible that you have a little time but a lot of work so you might not start as you cant finish it in that much of time so break your work in small pieces. (6 essential time management strategies)

One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest: Power Essay -- essays research papers

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest: Power Peoples' ability to use power to control and manipulate situations and people is a skill not many people have. Unfortunately this skill can lead to conflict as it did in Ken Kesely's novel One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest when McMurphy and Nurse Ratched meet each other. McMurphy has been after Nurse Ratched's power right from the beginning. After the first group meeting he pointed out that the meeting was like a "pecking party". The Nurse starts it with pointing out something wrong with someone and then the men join in with their criticism. Her book was the same idea. The men would listen to each other and when one said something that they shouldn't have they write it down so it can be brought up for "therapeutic reasons", but when McMurphy came all that changed. That made the nurse furious, that was her way of keeping perfect control and power over the patients. McMurphy had complete power over the patients from when he first came in. Nobody like him had ever been in the ward before. He came in singing and laughing, something that no one had heard in a long time. He walked around the room shaking hands, introducing himself to everyone, even the chronics. He taught the acutes how to play cards and he taught them to gamble. His very first bet though was that he could get the best of nurse Ratched within the week, and he did. She...

Homosexuals and James Baldwins Role in the Civil Rights Movement Essay

During the Civil Rights Movement, James Baldwin wrote many articles and essays on racial issues. His unique and powerful style invoked the thoughts of many people. What also made Baldwin stand out from others was his homosexuality. Baldwin wrote several essays and novels that had a homosexual theme rooted within the story. It was through this method that Baldwin was able to express his homosexuality and at the same time present a view of black culture that was highly unacceptable during that time period. His works gave him much widespread attention but essentially he was not recognized as a prominent leader of the movement. This was a result of stereotyped images of homosexuals and the desire for African American men to align themselves with the image of being powerful and very masculine. Because African Americans were in the struggle for equality and power here in America, to have a homosexual, who is stereotyped to have effeminate features, might prove detrimenta l in the drive for equality. There were a lot of things going on during the 1960s. The Civil Rights Movement was in full steam and the push for African American quality was greater than ever. The mass of appeal for protest was overwhelming and it spread to other causes as well. Movement could be found in other minority groups, women, and homosexuals as well. This period in time was unique because change was being encouraged and many people took advantage of it. James Baldwin was no exception to this motion of change. During this time period he produced many essays and novels, some of which contained a homosexual theme. He was bold in his move because he was one of a few among many who dealt with the topic. It was only until r... ...among other writers in the literary circle and in a sense became a leader that way. In more recent times, Baldwin has been given much praise for his work, he fueled other writers to follow suit and write about issues like race and sexuality. Hopefully his works will continue to be passed on to others and will open the minds and hearts of many. Works Cited Boykin, Keith. One More River to Cross New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday, 1996. Holland, Sharon P. â€Å"(Pro)Creating Imaginative Spaces and Other Queer Acts: Randall Kenan’s A Visitation of Spirits and Its Revival of James Bladwin’s Absent Black Gay Man in Giovanni’s Room.† McBride 265-87. McBride, Dwight A., ed. James Baldwin Now. New York: New York U P, 1999. Spurlin, William J. â€Å"Culture, Rhetoric, and Queer Identity: James Baldwin and the Identity Politics of Race and Sexuality.† McBride 103-21.

Gay Olympics :: essays research papers

I had always enjoyed the summer Olympics and the way the athletes strive to be their best, but after watching the winter Olympics I couldn’t help but ask, are these really sports. I have no doubt that the races are sport. There is a definite outcome and no dispute over who won. Then you have these other â€Å"sports† like figure skating and ice dancing. Somehow I cannot take any point of view that would support these two as sports. First you have figure skating that requires agility, endurance, stamina, and coordination yet the winner is purely based on the opinion of another. How is that a sport?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then you have ice dancing†¦ common ice dancing! Through all the rejects that couldn’t make the figure skating squad, lower expectations, and †¦ you know what, just call them ice fairies. That is really what it is. They might as well play Fantasia over and over then judge how well the different animals attempt their aerials. After watching the Apolo Ohno get ripped off in the speed skating, I was treated to the wonderful world of tippy toeing on ice. What kind of transition was that?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Then you have curling, an event that could only have come from the British Isles home of haggis, minced meat pie, and other culinary delights. How does a sport like this even get started? Curling is a combination of shuffle board and sweeping. This is a new addition to the Olympics, one that could have been done without. Tug of War used to be on the program, why didn’t they keep that at least it has a definite outcome. If you haven’t noticed by now, I have ended every paragraph with a question because I really have one question on my mind, are the winter Olympics geared towards women. I would hope that no man alive is sitting at home in anticipation of the ice dancers’ next amazing move. During highlights of figure skating and ice dancing, I look in the audience in amazement of how many proud fathers there are in the audience. I say fathers because that is the only guy I could ever forgive for actually putting any interest into these sports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a shallow view on sports but I have always thought that sports should be determined by a definite outcome, not another’s opinion.

Movie Review Of Sin City Film Studies Essay

The film ‘Sin City ‘ directed by three manager that is Frank Miller, Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino. Frank Miller was born in the twelvemonth of 1957 January 27 in Olney, Maryland. He is a amusing book author and besides an creative person. He is a celebrated dark movie manager and cartoon strips author. Fictional characters and films that created by Frank Miller is ‘Sin City ‘ , ‘Elektra ‘ and ‘Martha Washington ‘ . Robert Rodriguez was born in the twelvemonth 1968 June 20. He is an American Film manager and besides a instrumentalist for his films. Ever after his male parent bought him the first VCRs, he start to acquire interested with movie devising. Quentin Tarantino was born in the twelvemonth of 1963 March 27. He is a movie manager who utilizes nonlinear plot line and love to direct violent films. He won an Academy Award for his interesting movie. The chief subject of this film ‘Sin City ‘ is about violent viol ent death in the City. In this Sin City film, there are several parts of killing scene that deliver violent actions. The first portion killing scene is on top of the penthouse, a smart handsome cat have oning a suit offering a coffin nail to a beautiful lady have oning a ruddy dinner frock. In a minute subsequently, the cat shoots her and holds her stopping point in his arm until she is gone. The 2nd killing scene happens in the warehouse country. Hartigan is a police officer who wanted to salvage an 11 old ages old miss name Nancy which caught by a kid slayer name Roark. Somehow Hartigan is stop by his spouse Bob as because Bob do n't desire to acquire himself kill. Hartigan is being shoot by his spouse Bob as he ‘s the informer. Nancy lay on Hartigan laps and he knows she ‘ll be safe. The 3rd killing scene happens to Goldie, lover of Marv who is found decease the following forenoon beside him. Marv wanted a retaliation on the individual who kills Goldie but he is stop by Lucille, which is his parole officer. Surprisingly, Marv is being attack by a miss which looks likewise as Goldie. Marv hunt for Roark household farm a immature adult male name Kevin which is the individual who kills Goldie. Marv squad up with Wendy to pay a retaliation for Goldie. He is charge for killing Kevin and central. At last, he is sentence to decease in an electric chair. The 4th scene happens in Shellie flat, where she brings her new fellow Dwight back place. Jackie Boy with all his pack who ever abuse cocotte and they did a batch of offense in Old Basin City. Dwight gives him a lesson by diping his caput into the lavatory bowl. Dwight warns Jackie Boy non to trouble oneself Shellie once more or else he ‘ll acquire it from him. Dwight kills Jackie Boy and his pack and inquire why Shellie scared of him. Frank Miller is a manager and besides a comedian ‘s author for narrative books. This film ‘Sin City ‘ delivers batch of violent scene every bit good as the film ‘The Spirit ‘ . As we can see that Frank Miller love to happen those sexy hot ladies like Jessica Elba, Jaime King and another celebrated male histrion Bruce Willis. In the film ‘The Spirit ‘ show the same as Frank Miller take sexy hot ladies once more like Sand Saref, Lorerei Rox and Silken Floss. Those ladies actor are immature, sexy and really good in their playing. Jessica can dance sexily on the phase in the film of ‘Sin City ‘ but in the other side of her ; she can move so professionally in the film of ‘Fantastic 4 ‘ by salvaging people utilizing her ice power. Besides that, Bruce Willis is besides a celebrated male histrion in ‘Sin City ‘ . He willing to scarify and protect for an 11 old ages old miss. After old ages subsequently, the grown u p girl Nancy autumn for him as he plays a really good adult male by salvaging her in that film. The similarities of both films are Frank Miller utilizes the same manner of background colour for these two films. ‘Sin City ‘ contains merely a small colour for few of the peculiar objects and the others are all back and gray colour for the whole film. Lapp goes to the film ‘The Spirit ‘ , merely few scenes contain colour and the others are black and gray. As we can see, these two films use the same manner of background and the subject is somewhat same. Both films deliver violent actions about killing. The authorship of this film ‘Sin City ‘ is different signifier ‘The Spirit ‘ as ‘Sin City ‘ contain of several parts killing scene and is non connected to each other. The lighting of this film is really crisp. Although the film is full with black and gray somehow we can still see the characters and edifices clearly. This show they made a really good lighting work on the movie. Furthermore, the soundtrack of ‘Sin City ‘ that composed by Robert Rodriguez was antic. It matches the scene and motion in this movie. Every scene has own music background to do it interesting. As a decision, the subject of this film that deliver violent may convey harmful influence to the childs. Somehow I think that the manner of killing in this film is excessively unsmooth and may take the childs to larn. In add-on, the colour of this film is really dull particularly for childs and adolescents as we get attracted to films that are colourful. The mark audience that will watch this film may be in the scope of 40 to 50 old ages adult. I love Jessica Alba in ‘Sin City ‘ because of her amorousness and of class for her playing. She kisses Bruce Willis, a adult male that can be his male parent so emotionally in the film playing. This show how success is she to be a celebrated and gifted actress. Bruce Willis would be my favourite excessively ; he is a mature and steady adult male who can move really good in movie. What I enjoy the most in this film is when the xanthous asshole is being kills by Bruce Willis. Although is really disgustful, but it looks existent and I ‘ve ne'er seen this type of films before. Yellow blood dividing about, it truly show something different from what we ever watch. They show everything included coarse actions that most of the films sensor it.

I.T. System for a Newsagents

As in went into the inaugural currentsagents they said that they had no selective entropy technology Equipment such(prenominal) as cultivation processing strategys in their shop so I went into the near newsagent and explained to them I was in grade 10 and was in the middle of doing a GCSE Course change by reversal and was to modify a trunk. I whence said to them I would corresponding to ath foregoic install forwarder them and update their organization, they said they would be often than happy if I would do that for them beca usage they did non enjoy how frequently right-hand(a) they were devising or even howeverton. I accordingly went into an remove-licence that was near to w here(predicate) I lived on Cranbrook path. I told them what I was doing and explained that I was doing an data technology Project, I consequently asked them if they would let me update their scheme so it would go a enormous them clipping and m maveny on their affair.They said, yes ok, as it would abet me as well. outright that I had hotshot choice I had then started to off my authority to the Gants mound library, they said that their dodge was already up to date tho said convey you for the offer. I still had 2 offers that unfortunately had to assume. I decided by persuasion of who would cast the nearly eudaemonia of the schema and I view in the conclusion that a newsagent would non re e re aloney(prenominal)y ingest a system as much as an off licence, as an off-license has a potty more(prenominal)(prenominal) stock and is much bigger than newsagents, I similarly thought it would be more ch whollyenging than a newsagents and hope to start out out the win/loss throw off by my leaf nodes and all overly hope they proceeds from me. This was my final decision.Description of ProblemAn package keep called Cranbrook Food & wines situated on Cranbrook road sells stock of food, drinks and sweets and other grocery items. The bother is that my leaf node go to beds if he is devising a clams or loss but he doesnt receipt how to engage it out on a P.C. As for the last5 age he has been doing it manual of armsly and Manual systems earth-clo manage non hold off up and they be much long-playing than P.C.s. So he has I asked me to service of process him victimization the learning he provides me with such as Income and Expenditure.They hand a system but were non exploitation it for Microsoft exceed, they told me they wear hardly whatever idea how to drop Microsoft outperform, and said they partd their estimator only(prenominal) to deliver letters on Microsoft leger and recitation the Internet for email. Now it is up to me to de drifte them how to work Microsoft Excel and update their system by making profit and loss ac suppose and a transfigure go downing delegateing them their rates of profit so they instanter how much profit they bequeath dumbfound when they experienc e in that location ratiocination ratio.I lead similarly be employ constructions and t to to each one oneing them to implement Microsoft Excel and allow in any case garter them by examineing them round strategies which lead admirer them run their line of merchandise better. unity of their incomes is selling the stock and Expenditure is demoralise the stock. These go forth go into their profit and loss account utilize the figures that they supply me with and in that respect allow in corresponding manner be more such as, Electricity blossom up, Gas flush, pee bill etc for Expenditure, and Photocopier etc for Income. I allow for exercise dominions to correspond each of them up and drug ab role of bang-ups and services formulas to find out the closing balance. I wank out label-up a hard bills liquefy for them, as it is precise piano to use, as they argon new users. I allow to a fault put in formulas so if they wished to remove anything such as transpose the footing of the photocopier it go forth as well as change all the incomes and end points as well as the closing balance.To find a maculation more about my lymph gland, I asked any(prenominal) questions so I could k direct how much k flatledge he had about reckoners.1) How long reserve you run a personal credit line?A) I attain run a business for 5 years now.2) What do you do in your business?A) In my business I take for to assume behind the counter-serving people for about 11 1/2 Monday-Saturday, I to a fault defecate to send my wife or sister to the cash and carry to purchase our stock then I s to a faultl to set-up all the stock and label the price on all the stock.3) Do you use you system for any record of your business or monetary work?A) No, I only use the computer for my e-mail and to write letters to people.4) Have you busy any staff?A) No, my family and me run our business.5) What do you now anything about computers, do you hand any knowl edge?A) Yes I know how to work on the Microsoft articulate central processing unit and the Internet.6) Would any of your business partners let de depart using the computer, and atomic material body 18 they all long-familiar with Microsoft excel?A) My business partners be my family and they turn out no knowledge of Excel but as soon as I learn I volition be adequate to teach them it wont be a problem.General SpecificationMy client has a rattling peachy knowledge of someonealised computers but does non have a good knowledge when it comes to Microsoft excel. I had analyze his computer and I could meet he has windows 2000 and this is good, as it is the la screen out out. As he has real little knowledge of Microsoft Excel I impart have to make this system very light to use and I exit to a fault be installing a tending wizard, which he does not have so if Im not there he green goddess imprecate on the help wizard to help him. The system I ordain stimulant pass on also be on the t fitted and quick so he wont redundancy any m. I am very sure that the bundle I spend a penny install ordain be amply compatible with my client reckoner as I checked all the system files in their CPU. I have to also install Microsoft excels on his computer as his computer only came with Microsoft playscript, whole kit and boodle, money and autoroute. My targets ar benefit both of us, me by beness successful and getting a good grade and my client, by helping his business by making it easier for him and much more effective.When my system is finished it go out be cartridge holder saving, which lead allow my client to either do personal things or expand on his business more. So my targets be to help my client have a better and more efficient business. By creating spreadsheets, which will show him the profit, he is making and will allow him to see to it what to decrease on, e.g. if Electricity bills argon vitamin D then he will know to turn of light and save electricity. This will also save a hatful of his conviction. The new system I will be installing moldiness(prenominal) be able to automatically change the corrections as my client is unfamiliar with excel. It must also be very simple to use, and must have a help wizard to guide my client. The information that he would pauperization to store, would fill to be stored in an organised way-I could do this by using tables to present the information in a more cleargonr way to my client I.e. A spread sheet.The system would also have to be user friendly as I was saying before and inescapably to be able to follow frank instructions so that everyone could use it soft and effectively.Specific SpecificationAfter I had discussed some things with my client, we had both decided to intromit* Profit and Loss- To show if he is making enough profit or not.* regulations- so if he changed one of the outcomes e.g. piss bill is 200 to 500 the jibe outcome will also change which will s ave quite a lot of time.* governing body checks- to check a computer to carry out when data is input.* Security- to make sure no one corporation tamper with the information, which is inputed with the exception of my client, and people who he wishes to shargon his watch treatment with.* The system is easy to use- to make sure my client cornerstone use the system with no dread so he backside change information and input it considerably and so he kitty understand the system.We has also acknowledged that my client does not know much about spread sheets so he would like me to make it an easy system. The information I am waiver to use should be put under suitable heading I have make some up for my client Stock Photocopier Selling Price sell price ExpensesThe system must allow the information to be organised into plastered orders e.g. the Stock could be put in poesy and the quantity sold could be put into alphabets.The system must also be able to save the information. As my cl ient is going to enquire to store a lot of information on his system it will need to be stored efficiently. The new system must also be able to perform accurately so the system will need to be able to do numerous of the essence(predicate) calculations by using formulas if needed. The system must perform rapidly- the system must be able to calculate all the antithetic prices when the quantity sold is changed. This will prevent my Client of having to waste time and tired of it. My client has not meet started his business in fact he has been running it for 10 years now. He has also asked me to put a password on all the systems as it will save him from his files being deleted or being viewed by any other person which he doesnt want to no. chassis of SolutionI have now got to choose which packet my client would want to use and which is or so suitable for this assignment, we hind end choose any of the following choices data base package (Microsoft Access & Microsoft Pinpoint) wa r cry Processing package (Microsoft parole & Microsoft intelligence activity perfect) Microsoft setting Publishing (DTP)(Microsoft Publisher & adobe PageMaker) Presentational package (Microsoft PowerPoint) Spreadsheet Packages (Microsoft Excel & genus Lotus 1-2-3) artistic production Package (Corel draw & Microsoft paint) computer aided foundation (CAD) (Auto CAD)After thinking about the problem, I decided we could by all odds not use all of this softwargon so I have change it down by choosing to use Microsoft give voice and Microsoft Excel. I did not choose The entropy base packaging as my client had no approach to it as he did not have the software installed on his computer, but this did not matter as Microsoft access is one of the programs we could do without. We did not use the Presentational or pictorials Project as this is a GCSE give and we will not need a lot of presentation in our work. We also did not use it as the presentational package is not very cloak-an d-dagger and all the information I will be storing for my client will have to be confidential so no one net change it without him knowing. These are also the alike(p) reasons why we did not use Microsoft Desktop Publishing.I chose the word processor as it shadower be employ in letters, essays, projects, CVs etc. In my list I wrote Projects and as Im doing one right now I thought it would be a good idea to use word. I also chose word as there is a very big advantage to it, it bath be edited if luxates have been made and house also be formatted in some(prenominal) ship canal such as, Letters can be Bolded, made Italic, and underlined. The word processor also gives you the advantage of making a word art, as you can see I have utilize this a number of times, and you can also choose between a ranges of clipart. I will mainly use this program to write out my GCSE coursework project and say what how and when I did to help my clients business.Microsoft excel is a spreadsheet made up of a grid into where poetry are entered. The program it self is employ for mathematic calculations, statistical and financial calculations. I mainly chose it for the financial calculations as I am going to help my clients business. Even though my client does not have access to Microsoft excel, preferably he has Microsoft works spreadsheet, I fell that Excel is better so I have a disk, which has Excel on it, and I will be happy to install it for him. I will use excel to put all of the Income and expenditure (PROFIT & LOSS) into a table, this will show howMuch profits my client gets and how much of it he spends.FIELD NAME data TYPEREQUIRED DATA entrywayREASONOpening BalanceThe open up balance of cash flowFormulaNoOpening balance is brought over from the closing balance at the end of the month the number is produced by formula so you do not need to fictional character it manuallyRevenueThis is the gross receipts that the company receives when selling their productsNumberYesT his is a figure and changes from month to month so it needs to be typed in manuallyOverheadsThe utilities in this are the Electricity, gas and water bills.Another overhead is the raw materials, this is when they purchase the products that they are sellingNumberYesThis also varies from month to month so it will need to be typed in Manually. come OverheadsFormulaNoThe Total Overheads are brought from the overheads so at the end of the month if the overheads were changed the essential overheads would also change automatically.Systems flow sheet.RESOURCESI have now installed the help wizard on his computer, which should be able to help him, whenever I am not there to assist him. I have also installed Microsoft excel. I am now going to show you the hardware and software I am going or not going to use. lumberingwareThe hardware that I am using to spend a penny this system are Intel powered Pentium machines which have PII 266 systems, quiting 2 GB of hard Drive, 32 gazillions of RAM and a 8 Meg Video Card. The server that windows use is NT. My client Pc is very different it is a Gateway PC, Intel inside Pentium 3 PC with Windows 98. It contains 32 Megs of RAM, 20 GB of Hard drive, DVD and 20 Meg photo drives.SoftwareThe software packages that I am going to use are vocalize Processing, Desktop Publishing and Spreadsheet.A discussion Processor can be used to write letters, reports, essays, projects, memos, curriculum vitae, theses and basically any form of written work. When school school text is entered at the aboriginalboard, the characters and words are displayed on the inter and held in the computers memory. This work can be saved to hard drive or disk and can also be ingrained out. The advantage of using a Word Processor is that the text can be changed or edited on silver try out and reprinted if mistakes are made. I will be mainly using Word Processor to do my project, which is listed above.A Desktop Publishing Program allows users to nip at the page of he schedule as a whole and design the layout by marking areas for text and graphics. schoolbook can be typed directly into the Desktop Publisher package or it can be import from a word processing package. The text can be arranged in columns with large titles or headlines heading the columns. Images can be imported from graphics packages, scanned or taken from clipart. I will mainly be using this program to do my user documentation.A Spreadsheet is a computer program which is knowing to display and process numbers. It is made up of a grid to which numbers are entered. The program contains many mathematical, statistical and financial calculations, which can be applied to the numbers. galore(postnominal) Spreadsheets can also show the numbers in the form of graphs. I will be using this program to show my profit and loss and cash flow for my client.The software packages I am not going to use are Presentation, Database and Graphic packages.A Presentation Package allows users to raise and give presentation to using the computer. The information being presented is made into a set of slides. Each slide can contain text, clipart, graphics, video, sound and animation. A gross gross salesman might use the program to demonstrate a new product a teacher, to give a lesson or lecture a schoolchild might use the software to fleck on a talk or a school assembly.A Database is a order of related data items, which are conjugated and structures so that the data can be accessed in a number of ways. A simple database consists of only one set of data. This is called a flat file. An pillow slip of a flat file is pinpoint or Microsoft works. A relational database is more complex. relational Databases are very powerful as they allow the data to be accessed in many different ways. An example of a relational database is Microsoft Access.I am now going to show you the advantages and disadvantages of a manual system (File base system) and see which one I chose and why? ADVANTAGES* Do not have to waste electricity when using CPU* The financial cost for a file base system is not around 1000 where as it does to buy computer* If the electricity goes out you wont have to worry about your business, as you would have it all on paper.* The computer whitethorn crash and you could loose all your data if not saved.DISADVANTAGES* Computer saves time as writing takes to long* It is easier to work out profits more easily* If you need to change something, the computer will adjust the changes to everything else it affects automatically* If you make a mistake the computer would detect it and reveal you by underlining it or correct it automatically.* You can produce graphs and charts by using the habitual Microsoft Excel whereas you would have to spend time calculating and drawing it if you had no computer* You can store up to hundreds of pages on one simple disk.The above argument tells you that you would benefit more from having a P.C Computer system than you w ould with a manual system. I will go with the results of this argument and use a computer to do my project.I am going to use a spreadsheet over a database because for this particular coursework, a spreadsheet is more appropriate than a database. This is because the information I will be inputting is not relational or linked e.g. depository library books are linked in some way therefore it maybe put into a database. A spreadsheet is also good for financial use as it is good with mathematical equations this is another reason why I am using it instead of Database.Data Collection, Data Capture and enterThe data that my client wishes me to put into his system are sales from stock sales from photocopier electricity bill Gas bill and buying stock, other than that my client does not mind what information I input. The information will be given to me by my client which he will get from his Bills and from his invoices that he holds which has a record of his shops sales records and how much h e spends to buy the stock. input signal DevicesThe input devices are will be using are as followsKeyboardThe most third estate way of entering data into a computer is by dint of the keyboard. redbrick Keyboards often have a support at the face up of the keyboard as a rest for the typists wrists and some manufacturers have designed keyboards with a more curved key layout in an attempt to make typewriting faster and more comfortable, even though this maybe, the keyboard is very slow even for todays typewriting experts.MouseThe cursor on the privateness is called the mouse you may move the pointer by the user moving the mouse, which will move the pointer. Under the mouse is a ball, which rolls as the mouse is moved. When the screen pointer is over an icon or a menu selection the mouse can be double-clicked to activate the program. This is a example device like the keyboard.The Input devices I will not be using areScannersScanners enable both pictures and text to be input to a co mputer. examine text in order to pull in the words and letters requires particular software. The most common type of scanner is the apartment but smaller and cheaper hand-held scanners, which are rolled over the document/picture, are also available. Although the scanner is available to me I have no need to use it.Touch screenA touch screen is when there are beams of infrared emission light just in front of the wish-wash on the computer monitors. When a user touches the screen or glass with their finger, the infrared light recognises it and co-ordinates the points. The computer can detect the position of the finger and serve accordingly. I am not using touch-screen because it is not available to me.Processing verification and VerificationI will need to have some cogent evidence checks as a mistake may occur and this prevents this, a mistake that could come to pass and is very likely to is writing in the number with text rather than numerical symbols, that is eightsome inste ad of 8. The range checks are very liable to read editing with time as the company grows. So they too should be easy to modify. However it is important not to over use the ecesis only but to only have the item in suitable areas, as people find going fault messages very annoying.Verification is the checking of a mistake manually. It involves either printing of your work to assure at it or looking at it on the monitor screen, another way is double-checking your work twice or you may make a mistake such as writing the instead of the or in figures such as 394 instead of 934.There are certain types of formation they are Picture check, Character count, reaching check, armorial bearing check and file lookup. Presence check means the cell or welkin cannot be empty, if there is zippo inside the cell or field it will read error. Character count would make sure there is only a limited amount of characters that can be typed into a cell. Range check, checks the range of numbers that is t yped. E.g. the number can be equal to, less than, greater than or between parameters, picture check, checks that the data entered in this field is as expected, i.e. TTTNNTTT (where T=text and N=number) so it would be something like this, GFD77GGG. Finally File Lookup,V PATEL, here the persons code (first tether characters) and the subject code, (last three characters) can be checked by opening separate files and ensuring the codes do represent in a valid list. output signal FormatOutput DevicesThe output devices I am going to use areMonitorThe computer monitor screen or VDU is the most common output device. The most common size of it of monitor screens are 15 inches, others are 17 and 19 inch, which are much bigger. Computer monitors are similar in many ways to the television. They use a device called cathode ray tubes which contains an electron heavy weapon at the back the tube which fires electrons at phosphor dots coating the inside of the screen. optical maser PrintersLaser printers work on the same linguistic rule as photocopiers. The toner, which is powered in, is transferred to the paper where it is coalesced by the action of heat and pressure. Lasers are very quiet printers and give luxuriously quality print. Laser Printers can print 8-10 pages per minute, which is much faster than other printers.The output devices I will not be using areLiquid crystallisation Displays (LCDs)Liquid Crystal Displays utilise picayune crystals which, when a charge is applied across them, polarise the light passing through them. Used in combination with special filters, this means that light will not pass through when an electrical charge is applied. LCDs are also used in watches and calculators.Thin Film Transistor dissembleA more advanced type of display, giving a full food coloring and high quality output, is the TFT active matrix screen. Each pixel on the screen is controlled by its own transistor. This provides a higher(prenominal) resolution and more co ntrast.I am now going to show you how my cash flow works and also show you part of a cash flow.As you can see in he highlighted section is the revenue, the formula I had inputted in the total revenue cell= supply (B4B5) pending on which total I cherished. By inputting the formula, certain changes vary such as now if you change the sales from stock in shop it will automatically change the total revenue, and is also the same if you change the sales from photocopier it will automatically change the total revenue. For example if you higher your price of the photocopier you will make more money, so my client will need to change the figures in the photocopier section. For good example if he changes it from 300.00 to 400.00 the total revenue will automatically change to 2.400.00 that would not happen if the total were typed in manually.As you can see, there is a formula to work out the total revenue it does this by adding the cells B4 and B5 together.I have several formulas and different formulas are used for different things. For slip if I wanted to know the total revenue I would use a formula which looked something like this = sum total (C3C4), and then it would give me the total of the two cells. This is the same for total expenditure, but if I wanted to know the net cash flow I would have to minus the total revenue from the total expenditure, it would look something like this =SUM (C5-C6), then it will give me the total amount left over.The formulas used in the spreadsheet above are as follows=SUM (B4 B5)This formula adds up the total revenue for the particular month, it does this by adding up all the revenues. This formula varies throughout each month, as business may be better or lower.=SUM (B9 B11)This formula adds up his total expenditure or expenses for the particular month. The expenses vary throughout each month.=SUM (B6-B12)This formula shows the net cash flow by subtracting the total revenue from the Expenditure resulting in the profit/loss.=SUM (B16- B17)This formula works out the closing balance by subtracting the Opening balance from Net cash flow resulting in the closing balance.IntroductionNow that I have finished creating a system I have to visitation it, to see if there are any problems. schemaThere are to different ways I could test my system.Test1- I could test it with the current figures. Check if the formula works and see if the validation is accurate.Test2- I could test it with last years figures, and see if the totals agree. I will then again see if the validation checks are accurate.I have chosen to do test 1 and I will do this by doing it in a Test plan & results table. The results able will consist of three columns the first is Test for what Im going to test e.g. If the Validation works. The second is Prediction e.g. if I put the validation check in electric cell C4 that 9500, it would print error if there was more than 500. The last column is the Results. It is where you put in he results of your test and to se e if your predictions are correct.