Cohabitation Essay -- Relationships Marriage Essays

Cohabitation Is cohabitation the right alternative to marriage? The increasing amounts or studies done in relation to cohabiting couples shows that this controversial topic is more common than most American’s think. Marriage used to be considered a defining event in a couple’s relationship, often marking the beginning of intimate relations, sharing a common household, and even childbearing. By definition, unmarried cohabitation is the status of couples who are sexual partners, not married to each other, and sharing a household (Popenoe). These two definitions seem to be similar in what each union reflects, but outwardly marriage includes a legal union that is meant to be a lifelong commitment. The meaning and permanence of marriage may be changing as cohabitation increases, (Casper 40) and this is in turn creating a society who is largely focused on self-fulfilling events, no commitment, and a lower understanding of what is best for our children. The research done regarding the effe cts cohabitation has on children, morality based on religious opinion, and the consequences of cohabitation explain why this growing change in society is wrong. Thirty years ago, living together for unmarried, heterosexual couples was against the law (Popenoe). It is facts like that which make the moral changes in society seem unpredictable. Who would have thought that something as sacred and universally understood as marriage would become so subtle. The proportion of unmarried women who were cohabiting tripled, from 3 to 9 percent, between 1978 and 1998, and unmarried men who were cohabiting increased from 5 to almost 12 percent (Casper 41). Statistics follow along with the changing society. Just as the age for marriage has increased, this has ... ...nstead of marriage. Especially when children are involved, there are many more aspects of living together outside of marriage that need to be taken into consideration. Not only obvious speculations like how the finances will be divided should be taken into consideration, but also morality and situational elements need to be discussed. Socially it may be acceptable, but that is wrong. That is society’s way of weakening marriage as a pure institution (Popenoe). Americans need to start reviewing what is right and what is wrong and reiterate the information into society. Sex should not be shown as glamorous and necessary, but rather as something significant that binds two people together. These themes would help turn around the quickly changing ideal of how family really should be, and turn it back to the right direction where unity is what the world is working towards.

Ecobus Marketing Coursework - Nokia - The Wireless Giant Essays

Ecobus Marketing Coursework - Nokia - The Wireless Giant Ecobus Marketing Coursework "Nokia - The Wireless Giant" Introduction & Purpose For this coursework, I have decided to study the wireless giant, Nokia. Nokia is, unarguably, the leader in the world of mobile communications. The brand boasts a significant number of users from around the world, ranging from Europe to the Americas, and from Africa to the Asia Pacific. Nokia's success has been aided by its experience, innovation and its user-friendliness and thus, has become the leading supplier of mobile phones and other related products around the globe. The aim of this project is to identify how Nokia has approached its market and what has enabled the company to become a world leader in the world of wireless communications. This will include a study of the customer behaviour towards the brand and how Nokia has managed to secure a large share of the market, leaving its competitors far behind. Methodology In order to fill my purpose, I will collect both primary as well as secondary data from the appropriate sources. To collect the primary data, I will hand out questionnaires to a sample group of people varying in age and nationality. This is necessary to get a wider perspective of the possible customers of Nokia. Two samples of the questionnaire will be presented in the appendix. I will also carry out an interview with one of the staff of a Nokia Retail Outlet to further inquire about their aims and objectives in Hong Kong. The appropriate information from the questionnaires will be converted into graphs and then summarised. However, my study of Nokia will be based in Hong Kong and may contain a Hong Kong Perspective of the brand In addition to these data, I will create a S.W.O.T (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the company and also analyse Nokia's marketing mix. This will give a good overview of the company's marketing strategy. To add to the analysis, I will include a Boston Matrix of the brand, which will help determine the position of the company in the market. Following this, I will gather all the information to form a conclusion, which will include my own recommendations. A Brief Introduction to Nokia Nokia started in the communications service in 1865 establishing itself in the newspaper business, the original medi... ... a successful wireless giant aided by its strong marketing strategy. Its innovative products, appropriate placement, top notch promotion and suitable pricing has allowed it to hold the better share of the mobile communications market. In a world that is fast becoming reliant on technology, Nokia, with the help of its state of the arc technology, will create a new revolution in the industry. Locally, the telecommunication market is a thriving one and offers endless opportunities to the company. However, continuous market research and development needs to be done to keep Nokia where it is today. To eliminate any possible threats, Nokia can continue to develop new products and acquire a patent which will eliminate any chances of 'me-too' products from other companies. Acquisitions are also an option as a merge will make Nokia stronger as well as help remove competition. Organic growth can also help them guide towards more turnovers over a period of time. Nokia is, clearly, the hot choice of the mobile customers at present. By the looks of it, it is only a matter of time before its competitors are hunted down to extinction, at least in the field of mobile phones.

In what ways does Shakespeare make the Banqueting scene dramatic? Essay

Through the drama of the play ‘Macbeth’, Shakespeare clearly wishes to examine the supernatural elements to illustrate guilt and consciousness caused by witchcraft and demonology. Thus, in examining these elements, Shakespeare’s dramatises Macbeth’s sociological affect on Duncan; to convey the importance of kingship and the consequences of particular choices. Firstly, Macbeth’s ideas of becoming king after receiving the prophecies from the witches had become very strong. Thus, His excitement prompted him to find out more from the witches ‘tell me more’ he asks them. Macbeth believed the knowledge given by them to be true. This curiosity suggests why he was so determined to become king. ‘My thought, whose murder is yet but fantastical’ Macbeth thought, the only way to become king was to kill Duncan. Furthermore, the king was God’s representative on earth and was chosen by god; hence, to kill the king would upset the natural order. Macbeth did not want to kill Duncan, but he wanted to fulfil his ambition of becoming king, therefore, the only way to do this was by killing Duncan. Although, the prophecies were given both to Macbeth and Banquo, Banquo did not believe the witches ‘†What! Can the Devil speak true?†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ However, Macbeth feared that the prophecy concerning Banquo would come true. Hence, this is why Macbeth arranged the killing of Banquo. Furthermore, the scene before the Banqueting scene shows Banquo being killed. This is followed by Macbeth’s happiness at being king. As a result, this would be dramatic for a modern audience, as Macbeth who arranged the killing appeared to have no conscience. Therefore, to show the scene of Banquo’s murder followed by Macbeth’s happiness would be dramatic for a modern audience. This is because; this would firstly, portray an evil appearance of Macbeth, and secondly, would convey how Macbeth is gentle hearted. The fact, that Macbeth was affected by the witches’ prophecies and reacted quickly to the situation: in terms of how his thoughts rapidly changed for the bad, determines how easily he can be influenced. Therefore, this is what led him to be responsible for murder plans as well as murders taking place; such as Duncan and Banquo’s death, and Fleance’s and Macduff’s family death plan. Moreover, at the beginning of the banquet, Macbeth appears to be confident in the way he speaks, ‘†You know your own degrees†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ addressing his guests to ‘†sit down†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ according to rank. At the moment, he is enjoying his position as king; his confidence in his speech suggests this. He knows Banquo will be killed and does not want Banquo alive, because of the prophecies. ‘†Tis better thee without, than he within†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. If Banquo was alive, Macbeth feared that Banquo could have had a chance to become king. For Macbeth knows Banquo’s death will make him secure as king. This hope kept Macbeth occupied up until the murderer entered the room. Sequentially, when Banquo’s murderer enters, Macbeth gets excited getting prepared to find out the good news of Banquo’s death. However, when Macbeth says ‘†There’s blood upon thy face†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ this suggests, this whole time Macbeth showed he was confident through his speech to his guests; what is really going through his mind is kept hidden. In fact, Macbeth was panicking all this time something could happen. ‘†There’s blood upon thy face†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, indicates Macbeth’s fear as King and insecure feelings. The ‘†blood†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ could symbolise a deep fear, pain and anger Macbeth is experiencing. Shakespeare’s use of dramatic irony is very effective here, as he is trying to create sympathy for Macbeth and tries to put across a message. As we learn that Macbeth’s does not have a strong character, we find out he is easily led into things. His weak character guides him to mischief. Macbeth did not want to kill these people; however, his ambition to become king had grown. To kill those who were king, or who were to become king was the only solution. It seems he loses control, leading himself from one evil to another, and thus, he is lost in his own thoughts. He feels regretful, but cannot stop himself from evil, as it has just become a habit. Although, Macbeth committed few murders under his crown, he regretted and felt remorseful for his actions leading to murder, this is what makes him an interesting character. Once Macbeth finds out Banquo is killed, he becomes excited ‘†yet he’s good that did the like for Fleance†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, wanting to know that Fleance is also killed. If Fleance was still alive then he would have a chance to become king. The prophecy concerning Banquo mentioned that Banquo will be ‘†lesser than Macbeth, and greater†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Banquo will not become king, but his son can become king. This suggests that Macbeth would become king. ‘†Not so happy, yet much happier†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Banquo will not be alive, but his son will live and will have chance to become king. As for Macbeth he will become king but will be not be the rightful and happy king. When Macbeth finds out Fleance is still alive he has a ‘fit’. The drama of the fit has been emphasised to convey a message. Macbeth thought if both the Father and son were killed he would have ‘else been perfect’. If both son and father were killed Macbeth would have been ‘Whole as a marble, founded as a rock, as broad and general as the casing air’. The use of similes helps to convey a better understanding of Macbeth’s anxieties, helping the audience understand how Macbeth would have been free and powerful as king. Now that Fleance is alive Macbeth feels ‘†cabin’d, cribb’d, confin’d†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ the use of assonance is again emphasised to convey Macbeth’s fears, his doubts and insecure feelings as king. Macbeth wants Fleance killed ‘†Get thee gone; tomorrow†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as he fears if Fleance is still alive, then he will have chance to become king. In addition, Macbeth goes back to join his quests and mentions that Banquo is not present at the banquet. Then, he goes onto expressing how he feels that Banquo is not present, ‘†Who I may rather challenge for unkindness†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. No one at the banquet knows Macbeth is responsible for Banquo’s death; therefore, Macbeth takes advantage of this and blames Banquo for not being there, though, Macbeth is blameworthy. Although, Macbeth does this, inside he feels guilty for what he has done; his guilt is hidden from his guests. The dramatic irony is used, to explain Macbeth’s guilt. Macbeth cannot join his guests at the table, because ‘the table’s full’ at this moment Macbeth can see a figure sitting at his place. No one at the Banquet can see this figure accept for Macbeth. The dramatic irony is used here, to express how Macbeth was not the rightful king and instead Banquo was supposed to be king. Macbeth becomes fearful and worried ‘you canst not say, I did it’. Here Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, he feels really regretful for killing Banquo and feels frustrated. This frustration almost leads him to mentioning his guilt for killing Banquo. However, Lady Macbeth realises her husband’s short coming, and makes up a quick lie, to stop her husband for spitting out his guilt ‘†You shall offend him, and extend his passion†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. Lady Macbeth tells the guest to ‘†keep seat†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, if not they the guest will prolong his suffering and emotion. Furthermore, Lady Macbeth thinks her husband has put himself at ‘†shame†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ, thinking this fear is from killing Duncan. ‘†This is the very painting of your fear†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ the use of metaphor makes it more dramatic, expressing how Macbeth has a sense of fear on his face. That fact, that no one knew Banquo appeared as ghost, makes things even more dramatic. As for a modern audience, they would understand how Macbeth feels regretful for killing Banquo. ‘†You look but on a stool†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Lady Macbeth thinks her husband is crazy, thinking why does he feel regretful for killing Duncan. To a modern and Jacobean audience this would indicate that Macbeth was not the rightful king. She does not know that Macbeth was responsible for Banquo’s death. As Macbeth looks at the stool, Lady Macbeth does not know why Macbeth is looking at it. The fact, that Banquo comes back as ghost, is an unnatural event. After killing Duncan, Macbeth first and foremost, disorders the natural order, and this is why he sees illusions such as the ‘dagger’, ‘Banquo as a ghost’. In addition, after Macbeth’s wife tries to calm him, Macbeth feels normal again and mentions something about Banquo ‘†Would he were here†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ says to his guests. Macbeth sees Banquo as ghost again and goes crazy. His attitude changes to become angry due to seeing Banquo. When Banquo appears this time, Macbeth expresses his inward feelings, thus, expressing it strong. He expresses it quite strong; because this is way he is feeling, distressed and pained. This feeling is so intense that Macbeth wants to ‘quit’ his sight. The use of exclamation marks expresses his anger and fear. Macbeth compares his feeling to his wife’s, expressing how his cheeks are ‘blanch’d with fear’, after all that he has done. As Lady Macbeth does not know Macbeth was responsible for Banquo’s death, he describes his wife cheeks as ‘natural ruby’ and his cheeks to be full of fear. This expresses how Macbeth feels remorseful for Killing Banquo. The Banquet ends with disorder. As the banquet ends with disorder Lady Macbeth takes control ‘†Stand not upon the order of your going†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. At the beginning of the scene, the guests were required to sit down according to rank, now they are told to leave not according to rank, but ‘all at once’. The drama is used to explain, how Macbeth did something which was against the rule of god and how he upset the natural order. This scene is emphasised to convey the message. The disorder of the banquet is used to express how Macbeth’s actions are leading him and Scotland towards disaster. To a modern audience this performance would have been expressed and portrayed well, and from it they would have understood the laws of the time. The performance of this scene would have been very exciting for a Jacobean audience; typically because it included themes related to witchcraft, demonology and the divine right of King which were based on the beliefs of the 17th century. The audience sitting to watch the performance would have been familiar and may have even believed in witchcraft. From this performance they would have realised the importance of kingship, and understand the consequences which would have led to killing a king. Moreover, to understand belief in witches was wrong, as this would have brought about harm. On the other hand, to a modern audience this play would have brought more or less realisation. As witchcraft is not widely believed today, this would make the audience come to understand why there is not much of it. Reasons such as war had led to discomfort, and sorrow around 17th century, hence, witchcraft was an alternative to happiness, and would have kept people occupied upon evil things. As the witches at the beginning of the play say ‘fair is foul, and foul is fair’ good is bad, and bad is good. Lady Macbeth’s order of leaving to the men was portrayed well. Shakespeare tries to explain how women did not have the right to command men, thus, this further reinforces the idea of disorder. The drama of this play is very effective, and thus, the disorder of play greatly reinforces the meaning of the play. Through, the use of dramatic irony, this first and foremost, warns the audience of the consequences which one could face in regards to killing a king. The message which is conveyed is the importance of kingship. In addition, by the use of drama this clearly portrays how killing of king leads to the disorder of the natural order; therefore, this is portrayed as a serious matter, thus, reinforcing the idea of how killing of king is very serious. Secondly, the disorder of play emphasises the point about how witchcraft can be a dangerous path to follow. By viewing the unnatural events, such as Banquo coming back as ghost, this portrays clearly how following the paths of witches can result in disaster and pain in ones life. The two main aspects in this play are the killing of king and witchcraft. The importance of kingship is greatly emphasised, as it is of great importance to both modern people and Jacobeans. The fact, that Shakespeare does not bring Macbeth back to sense, means the killing of king is wrong. It is used to emphasise the great importance of the position of king. James the I would have approved of this. At the time of the Jacobeans, the king was god’s representative on earth, to kill him would cause great disaster or disorder to the creation; hence, the position of kingship would affect society at large. For a modern society the understanding of killing the President or King would be very wrong and brutal. Shakespeare, explains and rages out how civilised it leaders are, it is evident that both the Jacobeans and the modernised society agree the importance of this, and I agree. Does anyone have the right to take the leader’s position away? If he sets legislations to keep you under safety, then think about the great disaster that would be brought about if someone killed him†¦

Gender, Race, and Religion in the Colonization of the Americas Essay

Colonization is associated with the occupation of a foreign land. The definition of colonization is broad. However, it is used in the materialist and the traditionalist sense, rather than the metaphorical, to refer to the expropriation and exploitation of land and/or resources by one group over another. Various countries and continents fell under the York of colonization, and one such case is the African continent. The motivation for European’s colonization of different regions such as Africa was a combination of curiosity, missionary effects, scientific inquiry, exploitation of natural resources, and philanthropic desire to bring progress to Africa and its inhabitants. This is as per the definition of the Europeans. While Christianity and some desire to promote commerce were primary drivers of European interest in Africa, the dominating view was one of laissez-faire politics, assuming that contact with Europe and the desire to trade and interchange would stimulate African dev elopment. Beginning 1800 European powerhouses such as Britain, France, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Germany, and the Netherlands expanded their rule and influence to different parts of Africa. This led to the rise of colonial rule that affected nearly all institutions, politics, and social settings including growth and control of certain industries, government structures, education systems and health practices (Udeze, 2009). In the early periods of the twentieth century, European governments were claiming sovereignty over all, but six of the roughly forty political units into which the African continent had been divided by European missionaries and exploration. By doing this, these countries had already begun to lay claim to African territory, and this may have been attributed more to their competition with each other in Europe as opposed to the desire of developing colonies. In large part, the main focus of the colonial powers was to extract resources from Africa such as ivory, rubber, ores et c etera. In the case of colonization in Africa, there has been a significant debate about the impact of colonialism in Africa. In the grand scheme of the continent’s history, the colonial era lasted a short time –less than a century. The Eurocentric scholars often gave the early accounts of the colonial period in Africa and they emphasized the positive impacts of colonization by focusing on the introduction of new technology, civilizing mission, medical advances, and the onset of modernity. On the other hand, the era of African nationalism resulted in the emergence of Afrocentric and Marxist analysis of colonization in Africa that was hardly sympathetic to the European point of view. In general, these studies concluded that the colonial era interrupted Africa’s natural development and condemned the continent to stagnation and continued exploitation. That being said, it is clear that colonization in Africa came with its fair share of positive and negative outcomes alike. The nature of economic activities promoted during the colonial period caused the spread of cash crop agriculture, which in some cases allowed Africans to acquire wealth and raise their standard of living. Economically speaking, colonialism fostered the construction of economic infrastructure –roads, railroads, telegraph, and ports. However, the purposeful emphasis on cash crop agriculture impeded industrial development in Africa. This is because European nations did not want industrial competition. Furthermore, Africa’s integration into a world economy resulted in a system that encouraged Africans to produce what they could not use and use what they did not produce, creating national economies extremely susceptible to an economic crisis. America is another classical example of countries that were subjected to colonialism. American was a former colony of the British. Some of the most heated debates about colonization in America concerned whether this was primarily a form of gradual emancipation and a conservative alternative to abolitionism, or whether it is understood as a racist movement that ultimately reinforced slavery in America. Through colonization, America was able to realize its economic potential and today it is one the leading economies across the globe. Furthermore, colonization in America led to the introduction of an employee benefits program that helps to add to economic stability whereby the income and welfare of American families are guaranteed (Yarema, 2006). However, it cannot go without saying that the colonization of America increased the widespread of slavery that is often considered as a negative impact of colonialism in America. A lot of people from Africa were shipped to America to work as slaves. In its most benevolent formulations, the colonization movement proposed that, due to prejudice within the United States, free blacks and those who worked as slaves could not experience the full benefits of freedom, equality, or citizenship in America. This acted as a catalyst for racism, and some African-Americans did agree that the best course would be to leave the country and start freshly in Africa. In other cases, slaveholders made colonization a condition of manumission, leaving African-American women and men with the choice between slavery and Liberia (Jaffary, 2007). Other than slavery, the other negative impact of colonization in America is that it was premised on the assumption that a multiracial republic could not function prope rly. Effects of one culture trying to colonize the other are bound occur in one way or the other. The subject of colonization in the African historical experience; should explain why every cultural trend discovered in Africa by later observers should not be simply tagged as original African culture and the tradition of the group living it; or of Africa as a whole. The strongest arguments are based on the dramatic change and twists inflicted on the original African culture by the acts of colonization by the West in the history of Black Africa. As a result of Europeans invading Africa on the pretext of exploration, this did not only retard the steady growth of the original African cultures, it created confusion, a distortion and a form of syncretism. Based on the incompatible nature of these two cultures, the Europeans amalgamated cultures indiscriminately. This act of colonization inflicted an enormous long-term suppression on the totality of the African cultures colonized, and effected an extensive implant of the colonizing foreign cultures that are better referred to as Western cultures. The act of one culture colonizing the other cannot escape the fact that culture is a man-made reality; thus, it is a product of man. Each culture has its specific imperfections. The situation becomes worse when one culture, with all its imperfections, imposes itself indiscriminately on another culture; thus permeates its victims with its own imperfections; hence, proliferating evil and imperfections (Rieder, 2008). Because of the indifference of these two cultures, the European colonizers treated Africa as only a vast extension of land mass and paid very little or no attention to the people occupying that land mass except when they could consider them as a commercial vehicle or as any other means and instrument of making their insatiable material cravings come to fruition within the grips of their fingers. References Jaffary, N.E. (2007). Gender, Race, and Religion in the Colonization of the Americas. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing. Rieder, J. (2008). Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. Udeze, B. (2009). Why Africa?: A Continent in a Dilemma of Unanswered Questions. Xlibris Corporation. Yarema, A. E. (2006). American Colonization Society: An Avenue to Freedom? Maryland: University Press of America. Source document

The Thoughts of Tao Te Ching

The thoughts of Tao Te Ching (Philosophy) The first thing that struck me about Tao Te Ching is Albert Einstein. I am a big fan of Einstein, perplexed by years of studying his scientific theories and thereafter forever being awed by his genius. As for Taoism, being of Chinese descent, growing up in the eastern world, I have constant exposure to the Taoist practices, culture, traditions, images and symbols. However, the irony is that I had never ventured further than just being a mere observer, a classic case of not seeing the forest for the trees.When I began to read Tao Te Ching, I am intrigued by the concept of Tao and its similarities to scientific theories, Einstein’s theories and thoughts, in particular. In Chapter 1 of the Tao Te Ching, it tells me that the real Tao is not an entity and cannot be described in words or named. All that could be named are just illusions or mere manifestations as stated in chapter 1, â€Å"Naming is the origin of all particular things† and another line, â€Å"Caught in desire, you can see only the manifestations†.The â€Å"mystery† which is the â€Å"unnamable Tao† is reality as stated in this sentence, â€Å"The unnamable is the eternally real†. Then, it goes on to say that, â€Å"Yet mystery and manifestations arise from the same source†. I would interpret this as reality and illusion are both the same. Here, I draw similarity to Einstein’s quote â€Å"Reality is merely an illusion albeit a very persistent one†. Chapter 2 reads to me as Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. It says that what is defined as beautiful is possible only when compared to what is ugly.Likewise, what is ugly is only definable compared to what is beautiful. It gives other examples of paradoxical unity. Often what we see is relative to another that opposes: good and bad; being and non-being; difficult and easy; long and short; high and low; before and after. To me, it means that what we can see as real is defined by comparing to something that is opposite, without which, neither exists. One entity is relative to another. This is exactly what Einstein says in his Theory of Relativity. He says to imagine a passenger sitting in a high speed train hich is really going smooth, and looking out through the windows. The trees will appear to be moving, rushing by and the passenger does not feel that the train is moving. To an observer standing on the platform, the same train appears as speeding by, not the trees. Who is correct? Einstein says both are true. He goes on to explain that if a high speed train is travelling very smoothly and the windows are completely closed, the passengers inside could not tell whether they are moving. This is the part of the Einstein’s theory that is the basis of his famous formula of E=MC? which I find parallel to that of another line of this chapter which reads, â€Å"Therefore the Master acts without doing anything and teaches witho ut saying anything. † My interpretation of this is â€Å"Tao† advocates concentrating on ‘contradictions’ or â€Å"relativity† as the basis of reality and it is also the Master’s recommendation as the principle that governs the world. In other words, everything is interconnected and does not exist without each other, as there is no black without white; no short without long; and no being without non-being.Everything exists as relative to another just as Einstein said so. This interconnectedness and mutual existence appears to me as a key idea of Tao. I understand Tao to be not an entity or something tangible that we can grasp on. We can only know of its manifestations in Nature, in relation to one another – relativity. Through Tao, one can see that everything on earth and in the Universe is intertwined in a harmonious balance. One cannot survive without the other, just like a perfect ecosystem.It follows that a person who has wisdom or has Tao will not resist or try to control nature. He is at â€Å"One† with nature. I find this concept of â€Å"At One† and connectivity expressed in many chapters such as: Chapter 23 – be like the forces of nature, open yourself to Tao, you are at one with the Tao; Chapter 42 – but the Master makes use of it,†¦he is one with the whole universe and; Chapter 51 – Every being in the universe is an expression of the Tao.Last but not least, I find the best expression of my understanding of Tao in Chapter 39: â€Å"In harmony with the Tao, the sky is clear and spacious, the earth is solid and full, all creature flourish together, content with the way they are, endlessly repeating themselves, endlessly renewed. When man interferes with the Tao, the sky becomes filthy, the earth becomes depleted, the equilibrium crumbles, and creatures become extinct. †

Kipnis and cultural factors in pornography Essay

Kipnis and cultural factors in pornography - Essay Example This, according to historical perspectives of Kipnis, (7) define the methodical consideration on the approach to sexual of choice and give relevance to the cultural expectations, making valid evaluation of communication styles within a critically defined levels of communication. The impact of sexuality including the sheer expression of the natural communication provide distinctive elements in which proper projection will be evaluation and constructively dissipated in order to achieve the Kipnis’ argument provisions. From the ages of history, Carl, (3) explain that the national perfection of sexual usability has elemental developments. The Kipnis’(7) argument program illustrates specific levels of approach that apparently ensures that the information meets the required level but which still meet the minimal ethical levels. The Kipnis’ argument hence give the person the wider positions of interest including the determination of well aided sexual pattern, such as th e well illustrated code derivative which ensures that proper communication component is achieved. This is truly reflected sexual variety, (Olivier, 5) and the major impact on linguistic expressions within a limited occupational environment. Sexual behavioural characteristic effectively showcase people’s changing communication styles which is evidently illustrated by sexuality approach. Kipnis’ (7) approach provides a comprehensive understanding of fantasies and pornography in relation to the reduction of criminal activities. The equivalence of individual human growth also involves people and their individuality level. Considerations of sexual development and enhancement are procedurally defined by the comparative analogy that is notably established within the mainstream recognition of the growth and development of sexuality itself. Asai et al, (1) explains that the operator value of Kipnis’ argument is defined by the common semantic roots. In view of the changin g phonetic and phonological features, the richness of the original communication text helps to illustrate the grammatical expectation of the Kipnis sexuality analyis. The yield operator component is differentiated in the specific functional setting by the delimiter run, effectively making it to be significantly vital in the process of generating the shift in the United States v. Daniel DePew –violent pornographic review. The review also establishes a change in feminist character and how this is perceived by the culture and those who are transforming it. Kipnis’ argument annexes The homogeneity of sexuality is illustrated by virtual words expressed in two different worlds. Sexuality itself, Kent et al, (6) is defined by people and this is reliant on the changing components relative to the protocols of sexual creation. The annexed relevance of the pornography is defined by high levels of fantasy and this provides a considerable range of cultural compositions, improved ac cessibility in sexual patterning and communication. The theoretical levels according to Clinger, (4) show that evolution in pornography is an important factor aiding pornographic acceptance and the relevance of Kipnis’

Mitochondrial Disease, Parkinsons Research Paper

Mitochondrial Disease, Parkinsons - Research Paper Example [Betelham et al 2007] Mitochondria are large organelles about 1 to 2 micrometer in diameter, upto 2000 of which are present in eukaryotic cells and constitute upto 25% of the cellular volume. The outer membrane enclosing the mitochondria is smooth, while the inner membrane is thrown into a series of folds known as the cristae. The space between the two membranes is called the intermembrane space. Both the structure and the quantity of mitochondria in different tissues can differ greatly depending upon the metabolic needs of the tissue. [Koolman et al 2005] Mitochondria play several vital roles in the normal functioning of the cell. Their most important role is in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. They also serve as reservoirs of calcium within the cells and play a vital role in inducing apoptosis. . [Koolman et al 2005] The vast range of mitochondrial functions are associated with a range of mitochondrial enzymes. "Pyruvate dehydrogenase, the TCA cycle, beta hydroxylation of fatty acids and parts of the urea cycle are located in the matrix. The respiratory chain, ATP synthesis and parts of the heme synthesis pathway are associated with the inner membrane." [Koolman et al 2005, pg 210] One of the unique features of the mitochondria is that they are a self replicating organelle and can replicate independent of the parent cell. The mitochondrial genome is composed of 37 genes. Of these, "24 specify a mature RNA product, 22 molecular tRNA molecules and 2 molecular rRNA molecules. the remaining 13 genes encode polypeptides that are synthesized on the mitochondrial ribosomes [Strachan and Read 2004, pg 243]. Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA is very compact, lacking exons. For this reason any coding error in the mitochondrial DNA is far more likely to be transmitted to successive generations of the cell. However, because of the large number of mitochondria, the overall effect of such a mutation remains small unless transmitted in a gamete to the next generation. Mitochondrial DNA is exclusively maternal in origin being inherited from the egg, not the sperm. Thus the descendents of males affected by mitochondrial diseases are safe from inheriting the disease. The di seases can however affect men and women equally. [Passarge 2006] Some common mitochondrial diseases include: Lebers optic atrophy MELAS (mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes) Kearns- Sayres syndrome Some familial types of diabetes mellitus Some forms of progressive nerve deafness and antibiotic associated deafness MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres) Pearson syndrome [Naviaux 2008] Parkinsons disease is a degenerative disorder affecting the basal ganglia. It causes degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to decreased inhibition of the subthalamic nuclei and more active inhibition of the cortex. Its is characterized clinically by a triad of bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity. The exact cause for the development of parkinsonism has so far remained elusive. A syndrome very similar to parkinsonism is seen to develop in individuals who abuse methyl-phenyl tetra hydropyridine. This lends support to the theory that environmental factors are responsible for the causation of the disease. The current belief is that genetic and environmental factors both have a role to play. There are no diagnostic tests, and the condition is