Theories of Motivation and Relative Needs Essay Example for Free

Theories of Motivation and Relative Needs EssayWhen an employee is underperforming, the employee runs the risk of setting in motion a ripple effect that forget harm the prominent whole of the network that comprises the field in which he or she is performing. In other words, a poorly motivated and poor performing employee can subscribe to a contagion that will dramatically effect the performance of other employees.In certain environments, this can be catastrophic. If ane is to examine the example of a surgical environment, an underperforming employee can non be tolerated. There are a number of ways that such underperformance can be addressed, the worst of which being utilizing an authoritarian, Draconian means of reversing poor performance. Such a method is a mistake.Usually, when an employee is slacking or performing below expectations, it is not terribly difficult to reverse the detrimental trend provided a decent manner in which to coax a better performance is used. Fa r too often, a supervisory will attempt and coax a better performance out of an employee by way of dropping an authoritarian hammer on the person. While this may work in the short term, it ultimately backfires as the moral of the employee hits an all time low and eventually returns to a substandard level of performance that is next to impossible to reverse. yet worse, the employee may become single focused on just doing the bare minimum of acceptable standards and getting the employee to increase an average performance is much to a greater extent difficult that increasing substandard performance as average is something the employee can usually get away with. (Hence, the reason why the employee will steer him egotism towards the asylum net of average.)Under Maslows HIERARCHY OF NEEDS, one of the spheres of needs is that of ego esteem needs. Under this theory, it is suggested for a person to feel a sense of ego worth, there needs to be an emphasis in the persons life on either prof essional or hobbyist pursuits to where the person places a great deal of said emphasis on things the person is talented.In other words, by taking a great deal of self esteem from duties and tasks one performs well will keep a person motivated to continually perform better. When the person is removed from tasks that the person has exceptional talent, then the person will suffer from a lessoning of self esteem.This eventually will set in motion a decline in performance as the person is not able to measure up to professional standards as the duties and tasks the person is assigned are outside of the scope of the individuals talent. This is why it is exceptionally chief(prenominal) that those assigning duties and tasks to an employee must make sure that the employees strengths are being played to. If not, the person will start to suffer from a loss of self esteem and that will be soon followed by a drop in motivation.When it comes to an employee who works in the healthcare field, parti cularly in surgery cerebrate duties, there is an underlying factor that can undermine motivation burnout. Such a career and field is a very high pressure field and requires a great deal of time commitments in order for the employee to function effectively. Such commitment can erode a persons devotion which ultimately will lead to reduced or poor performance. The key to reversing such a trend will involve using Maslows self esteem and self actualization principles in order to reverse the negative trend and performance.In one case, there was an employee named Liza who started to severely slack on her job duties as a surgical nurse. She had always previously performed at exceptional levels, but her recent performances were decidedly lacking. It seemed as if she was on the verge of quitting.In order to help Liza turn her performance around, what needed to be undertaken was a means of boosting her self esteem so she could recapture the fire that she in one case had when it can to perfo rming her duties and tasks. At the base of this was the need to determine what it was that was leading to the reduced performance.The reason that Lizas job performance was suffering was because she was not able to balance the long hours at the hospital with the complexities of her family life. This was creating a feeling of being overwhelmed and it cut into her ability to think clearly. To counteract this problem, Liza was assigned a mentor who had faced alike problems in the past. The mentor was able to slowly work Liza through what had been troubling her and provided her with tips and ideas on how to balance her professional and domicile life. While the results were not overly dramatic, there was progress made.When Liza realized that the tips and oversight her mentor was providing were helping her job performance increase, Liza began to experience a renewed sense of self worth. The reason for this is that her self esteem had increased because she finally realized that it was with in her own power to reverse the negativities. (To a degree, this is similar to Maslows vision of self actualization)So, it can be said that providing a mentor with the express purpose of helping to build up an employees at one time lost self esteem can work wonders in terms of providing motivation for an employee who is seemingly drifting in and out of interest with his/her profession.

Marriage at an Early Age Essay Example for Free

trades union at an first Age EssayMarriage is regarded as a moment of celebration and a milestone in adult life. The age at first join varies across the globe. Being married before the age of 18 has been a affectionate norm in third world countries refer to App force outix A. The pctage of women being married before age 18 is estimated to be 20 to 50 percent in average in developing countries (Joyce, et al. , 2001). On the other hand, western countries ar unlikely to experience the similar pattern of wedlock.The marital union is usually delayed too coherent although this is the most appargonnt reason for the breakd accept in sexual ethics (Orsi, 2001). Because of its wealth, western conjunction chooses to unify later in life until they seduce built an adequate maturity in age, education and financial state. Nowadays, many international organizations have made an effort to reduce the pay sour of earliest hymeneals worldwide (Yudkin and Robert, 1996). Many believe t hat the practice of early marriage can hinder self-development of upstart misfires.However, in western countries, there ar several efforts to promote preadolescent marriages (Orsi, 2001). They believe that early marriage should be looked as a platform to cultivate maturity together but non as an institution just for the grown-up individuals. As we are concern, early marriage is widely practice in developing countries hence a global render has arisen as to whether early marriage does really hinder self development due to the consequences it brings to young girls. The practice is believed to bring several benefits to some extent.However, the adverse personal effects it brings can impede the self-development of young adolescences in many aspects including health consequences, quality building and education as well as career opportunities. 2. 0Statistical Studies of Early Marriage This aspect richlylights the prevalence of early marriage across the globe and the rattling reason s of early marriage particularly in developing countries. This aspect is definitive to expound the situation regarding early marriage worldwide. 2. 1Prevalence of Young Marriage The practice of young marriage is most common in developing countries ( unite Nation Childrens broth (UNICEF), 2001).According to Joyce (2001), an analysis of Demographic and Healthy Survey data shows that Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asian countries are having the most cases of early marriage. Of these countries that have high cases of young marriage, Niger is the draging country with 88 percent of the women married before age 18. Adapted From Joyce, L. F. , et al. (2001). Future Options Foreclosed Girls Who Marry Early. Reproductive Health and Rights. 139-143. Retrieved January 25, 2006, from the World all-inclusive Web http//www. path. org/files/RHR-Article-14. pdf. 2. 2Major Factors That Lead to Early MarriageThe huge number of young marriage in developing countries is due to sev eral reasons. Poverty is one of the major(ip) factors underpinning early marriage (Joyce, 2001). A young girl may be regarded as an economic burden for a family thus early marriage is looked as a strategy for economic survival. A current study of five very poor villages in Egypt shows that young girls are being married dour to much older men from oil-rich Middle eastern countries for family survival (UNICEF, 2001). Besides, early marriage is one way to ensure that a girl is protected from natural disturbance (UNICEF, 2001).Parents believe that their daughters are safer when they marry early as there is always a man to guard them. For instance, some families in Northern Uganda push the young girls to marry to militia members in order to secure protection (UNICEF, 2001). For third world countries, marriage shortly after puberty is common among those lifetime traditional lifestyles (Joyce, 2001). The girls as early as 14 years old have to carry responsibilities as a wife. As it h as become a kindly custom, the tradition is carried on from one generation to the next. 3. 0Opponents Views Against Early MarriageThis aspect discusses some of the opponents views against early marriage. It mostly talks about the disadvantages of early marriage to the girls including the wishing of education, health problems and psychosocial disadvantages. The arguments given agree that early marriage does hamper self-development. 3. 1 The Denial of Education The opponents believed that early marriage denies the right of young adolescents to the education they bring for self-development. In traditional societies, the investment in a girls education is thought to be wasted as the girl is going to marry and stay at home doing planetary house chores (UNICEF, 2001).For instance, in Northern Nigeria, early marriage is the very reason girls are often withdrawing from shallow (UNICEF, 2001). Because of the early end of female education, they have limited opportunities to develop skill s and acquire knowledge that serve them well throughout their lives hence restricts their economic and career opportunities (Joyce, 2001). This is because withdrawal from school that results in illiterate and unskilled women will lead to no recognition in professional field. 3. 2 Health and Reproduction ProblemThe opponents also argued that early accouchement which always occurs in early marriage endanger the lives of both the mother and her baby (Joyce, 2001). The early pregnancy increases the peril of complications and dying during delivery. A report shows that the stake of death due to pregnancy-related cases is doubled among women aged 15 to 19 compared to adult women (Adhikari, 2006). They further stressed that these girls are also much susceptible to sexually-transmitted diseases (UNICEF, 2001). Hormonal fluctuations and permeableness of vaginal tissues undergo by these girls can lead to infertility.Moreover, according to a study in Rwanda, 25 percent of women who were p regnant before 18 were give with HIV although they only had sex with their husbands (UNICEF, 2001). 3. 3Psychosocial Disadvantages When early marriage takes place, the girls will confront with great emotional damage. Sociologists suggested that this is due to their confinement at home to do household chores hence their mobility is denied (UNICEF, 2001). Most of the girls are depressed with this situation that eventually affects their emotional well being.An Indian research conducted in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh found that the spouses of early marriage usually suffered from great psychosocial damage (UNICEF, 2001). Another concern raised by the opponents is that the young girl loses her social life outside family cycle and this has affected her chance of cultivating her own identity (UNICEF, 2001). The most important implication of this is that her self-esteem is silently hindered from being developed and this will make her vulnerable to sexual and physical violence.In Eastern Af rica for instance, a young wife has no right to refuse sex to her husband even though her partner is suspected with HIV (UNICEF, 2001). 4. 0 Proponents Views on Early Marriage This part will enlighten several views that support early marriage in our society. This includes health benefits, social stability and character advantages. In this argument, early marriage is looked upon as a better practice than delayed marriage. 4. 1 Health Benefits The proponents believed that body functions are more effective and healthy at early stage in life.For women, the body is particularly geared towards reproduction during early adulthood (Orsi, 2001). Early marriage is beneficial because desire and energy from young couples also produce healthy offsprings. They also highlighted that later marriage has led to problematic births and birth defects. This can happen as the body is unlikely to carry off any burden like pregnancy at a late age. Not surprisingly, later marriage which is always associated with cohabitation and premarital sex increase the risk of sexually-transmitted diseases (Orsi, 2001).The hazardous infections like HIV will spread widely if the practice of premarital sex has became a lifestyle. 4. 2 Early Marriage as a Solution to Cohabitation Another issue raised by the proponents is that the trend towards later marriage has led to a great social deterioration in the society in term of cohabitation. In the United States of America, cohabitation is more prevalent than other countries as the people choose to marry later in life (Henslin, 2005). A study found that cohabitation before marriage is the very reason for breaking up after they were married (Henslin, 2005).Besides that, the increasing case of cohabitation in the United States of America is clearly illustrated by the graph on the next page. Adapted From Henslin, J. M. (2005). Cohabitation. Sociology- A Down to Earth Approach (2nd Ed. ). 468. Boston Pearson, Allyn Bacon. They further argued that married cou ples including young spouses gain more benefits in terms of physical health, general happiness and longevity than cohabitants.This is proven from a study which was cited as strong evidence that cohabiting couples experienced the rate of depression three times more than married couple (Popenoe and Dafoe, 2006). . 3 Self-development Improvement It is also believed that early marriage helps in cultivating maturity. Early marriage is looked upon as a platform for young people to grow in maturity together. Moreover, they share experiences at an early age before egoism is deposited in their heart. This is important to ensure a successful marriage is established (Orsi, 2001). They further emphasized that early marriage is a natural institution to grow emotionally by everyday give and take at an early age. This foundation is hard to build later in life.Also, through The London Telegraph, Emma Besbrode has reported that individuals that are unmarried by early age are more vulnerable to depre ssion and loneliness (Orsi, 2001). This unbalance in emotional development will lead to a stressful life. 5. 0 How Does Early Marriage Hamper Self-development? In this area, both arguments from proponents and opponents are being evaluated in terms of health, character building and education. This is important to determine whether the practice of early marriage does impede self-development. 5. 1 Health AspectHealth is a very important aspect in self-development of an individual. Early marriage greatly affect the health of young adolescents especially girls. Although women who marry later in life are also vulnerable to problematic birth, (Orsi, 2001) the girls who are particularly still growing up have to struggle with the risks associated with early pregnancies (UNICEF, 2001). This is because the physical features of the girls are not fully developed and therefore both the girls and their babies have to compete to obtain the necessary nutrients for themselves.This means that early ma rriage endangers both mother and her baby. Besides those, sexual intercourse that takes place at a very young age can enhance the risk of sexually-transmitted diseases (STD) (UNICEF, 2001). It is also true that STD can also infect unmarried people as well especially among cohabitants, but a recent study conducted in Rwanda shows that the younger the age at sexual intercourse, the higher the risk of STD (UNICEF, 2001). This proves that early marriage set off a poor cycle of health. 5. 2 Character Building AspectEach and every individual has his/her own character. The practice of early marriage limits character development as a girl who marries early experiences less socialization outside her family cycle (UNICEF, 2001). This reduces her opportunities for building her own identity which is vital for her successful self-development. On the other hand, some individuals believe that early marriage is a stage for maturity to be acquired and it is not just for matured individuals (Orsi, 20 01). However, it is not the case as these girls are affected by great emotional disturbance and depression.Inter-American researchers have discovered that these emotional consequences are unavoidable part of life for those who choose to marry early (UNICEF, 2001). Therefore, it is clearly shown that early marriage does hinder personal development. 5. 3 Education and Intellect The importance of well-developed education is vital for an individual to survive. Since early marriage is the major reason for young adolescents to quit from school (Adhikari, 2006), it can restrict career prospects of a girl by limiting her chances to acquire important skills and knowledge.Without those qualities, the girls future seems to anticipate to any opportunities for economic survival. In fact, unemployment rates are higher for those who have limited education (Baker and Dryden, 1993). This is clearly illustrated from the table below. Unemployment identify by Educational Attainment for 15 to 24 year- olds, Canada, 1991 Educational AttainmentUnemployment Rate 0 to 8 years29. 5 Some secondary education20. 7 High school graduation15. 7 Some post-secondary12. 6 Post-secondary certificate11. 7 University degree 8. 1 Total16. 2 Source Baker, M. and Dryden, J. (1993).Patterns in Employment and Unemployment or Young People. Families in Canadian fellowship (2nd Ed. ). 93-94. Canada McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. For those reasons, early marriage is proven to bring more reproach than benefits. This practice consequently hampers ones personal development. 6. 0 Conclusion The practice of early marriage in our society today does hinder personal development of individuals in terms of health, character building and intellectual qualities. First, a girl is more vulnerable to diseases and complications when sex intercourse takes place between the spouses occur at an early age.Early pregnancies followed by childbearing can also bring harm to the girl by increasing the risks of dying and problems during delivery. Apart from this, character building which is important to determine ones unique identity will be affected as well when a girl enters marriage at a young age. The loss of mobility and social life due to the early marriage will result in lack of self esteem and great emotional damage. In addition, limited education is obvious among those who marry early.In the long run, this lack of schooling will restrict economic and career prospect in the future because withdrawal from school means no qualifications and recognition. This will foreclose the future options of ones self. Therefore, the practice of early marriage is proven to hinder personal development and should be reduced among young adolescents especially in developing countries with high incidence of young marriage. Effective steps should be executed by international organization to reduce the number of this practice worldwide. For instance, from each one country should rise up the legal age for marriage.Besides that, education should be promoted among young couples so that they acquire adequate level of education for their future. Although it is fractious to reduce the number, by helping the young spouses with their life, it more or less, reduces the burden they carry.

Personal Experience: A Caring Occurrence

Personal Experience A Caring OccurrenceThe purpose of this contemplative paper is to reflect on a personal experience in which you c ard for item-by-item. Using Johns model (Johns 2006), the reflection will explore how the personal experience reflected a pity occurrence. Reflection is the appearance of experiential cognition and as care for students we should begin to use reflection as our experience in the nursing plain stitch accumulates. It is both justified and recommended that Carpers work be incorporated into reflective practice since it was a key figure in widening knowledge in nursing (Heath, 1998). Reflective practice incorporates Carpers (1978) ways of knowing personal, ethical, aesthetical and empirical knowing into an individuals reflection. Reflection is a personal dread of self and in the instruction of self, reflecting on human relationships and interactions between two or more(prenominal) people. As a nurse, the relationship is between the nurse and the cli ent, and some terms involves the clients family as well.The experience in which I cared for some integrity occurred in the fall of 2009. As part of my Gr. 12 Ethics and Morals Religion Class, it was required that for an eight week period, we worn-out(a) a period of our time, erst a week at a solitude home with our assigned adoptive grandparent. The purpose of this assignment was to excrete time with an older adult, engage in communication, participation, and enjoy the time spent with the older generation and learn from them. So once a week, I do my way to the retirement home and spent an hour and a half with my adoptive grandparent Blanche. I planned ahead of time activities that she might like to take part in such as a puzzle, a walk, a craft, or baking. Once I got there, I would ask her what she would like to do and we would go from there. Each time I went there, she had a different floor to tell me her life as a young farm girl, her teenage years, and the love of her life, her career as a t distributivelyer, her family and journeys she had been on. Each story had its own personal kernel to her and I sat there attentively and listened, asked probing questions and comments. As her adopted grandchild, it was my duty to entertain her, keep her spirits up and encourage her. The one week when I went there, she had physiotherapy so I could non spend much time with her on a personal level, yet more of a team of pity individuals to support her, and encourage her through her therapy. Although this situation does not exactly relate to a medical need for caring for someone, I fluid managed to care for an individual on a personal, face-to-face encounter. This experience also helped me to learn how important the elderly patients are.When I experienced this caring situation, I was feeling worried and nervous at first. I was unsure what to expect prior to meeting my adoptive grandparent. I was worried about the item that my grandparent might not deal like me, or would be extremely quiet and held back. Since this was one of the first times I would be put in an experience like this, I just did not know what to expect. After the first two weeks, I became more comfortable in my surroundings and each week I would then look forward to my visits with Blanche. After I became comfortable, I was happy and opened up more towards Blanche. The purpose of this experience achieved a new found friendship with a member of the older generation. It gave me the opportunity to care for an individual at the retirement home who did not have umpteen visitors, so I became her weekly visitor and spent flavour time with her and card for her in a special way. This experience helped me achieve a cave in respect for the elderly and enhanced my ability to relate to them on a personal level.Knowledge that may have informed me would be the calling for a special person who cares for the spirituality of others. Nursing is a caring profession that is honoured as the sp iritual, spirit-filled practice (Vance, 2003). A caring occasion becomes transpersonal when nurse and client together with their unique life histories and perception become a focal point, in which the moment is greater than the occasion itself (Watson, 2008). The experience shared between the two becomes a deeper pattern in life. The caring moment is being in the moment. Fully present, open to other people, compassion and connection. Reflection of practice allows the nurse to observe decisions made and bring to the open the knowledge that has formed from practicing skills. Nursing students can enhance multiple ways of knowing and their understanding of caring through the exercise of reflecting on caring encounters (Schaefer, 2002). The foundation of nurse care is the wisdom in knowing and understanding that lessons are learned by one another to become more human in learning the identity of ourselves with others.When I cared for Blanche on a weekly basis, I acted for the best with the values that I had at the time. Although I had not dealt with many elderly patients prior to this experience, I still knew the values I had and gave Blanche my utmost respect. I treated her with the same respect that I would have liked to be treated if the positions were opposite. Caring as a nurse essence the innermost of nursing, without prejudice and aims at prioritizing the patients suffering and needs (Gustafsson et al., 2007). Nursing care is the process aimed at responding to patients needs without reasoning. Quality care is the element to caring. When a nurse is caring for someone, it is best that they are not bias towards the patient, nurses should treat all patients equally, meaning not giving certain patients more attention, unless their critical situation demands it of them.This situation connects with a previous experience in which I worked at a retirement home for a few weeks in the summer. This position mainly had me as house cleaning but in the evening when both thing was done, it allowed me to interact with the residents. I talked to them, play games and took them for a stroll outside. The experience in which I cared for Blanche was more connected and personal in terms of the one-on-one time I was able to spend with her. The idea of reflection is caring science learning, learning and developing a personal knowledge of caring as an art (Gustafsson et al., 2007). This helps to establish the substance and quality of caring in regards to the patient.Factors that constrain my responding in new ways is my personal confidence level, with a variation of the knowledge of my experience, which I will hope to murder from working side-by-side with experience nurse practitioners. This also relates to my level of involvement, if I increase the questions I ask if I am in doubt, I will throw out more knowledge of the situation. This will also offer clarification and a deeper level of thought in regards to the situation. When I was caring for Blanche, at first I was not very confident and a little hesitant to introducing myself to a complete stranger and spending time with her once a week. After dynamic in this learning of a life lesson, I gained so much from it. I have more confidence in my ability to communicate with strangers I have stepped outside the box I built up around myself and have become a more confident, strong, communicative leader. Although I may still be a little hesitant about situations, that is normal. A fear of the unknown or hesitation is another constraint to responding in new ways. This nescient is an sensory faculty that as a nurse does not and cannot know or understand the client when they first meet (Heath, 1998). Knowing the clients information or range prior to meeting with the patient will help make the situation a little more comfortable. Mixed groups may possibly enhance the development of skills of reflection (Heath, 1998). Working together as a team will help form and ensure actions are for the be st. As a team, all sides are valued and reflection is more in-depth and has different vantage points.As a student nurse, insights that I have gained from this reflection is that my experience will grow and I can begin to understand the details of what experienced nurses know. It may only be a small portion, but I can build an understanding for the knowledge expert nurses have and benefit from it. A powerful insight is recognizing the unknown, and as a nurse, I can learn to remain alert to the clients individual viewpoint of the situation. This can best be done by listening to the client and establishing a truthful, open, working relationship, without the state of unknowing. Nurses need to be aware of the neediness of empirical knowledge (Heath, 1998). This will promote an awareness to learn, research and increase practical skills. Guided reflection is a journey of self-inquiry and transformation (Johns, 2006). Reflection helps one realize their ability to care, learn and gain experi ence on past situations, learn from mistakes so they do not happen again. Reflection is awakening of the self (Johns, 2006).Did I act or be the best I could be with Blanche? I personally feel that I did the best job I could with the knowledge I had at the time. After learning about nurse- client therapeutic communication, I feel that maybe now, if I were to go back and relive the experience, I would be have a better relationship with her and gain more knowledge and become an even better adopted grandchild. I would ensure that the relationship would be more purposeful and contain a position of trust and a unique responsibility to maintain a therapeutic relationship. What would I have done differently if I was able to relive this experience to improve and make the most of this experience for both myself and Blanche? If I were to relive this experience, I would replace the direction of advancing the best outcome and interest for Blanche. I would give her more attention, make more time in my schedule to spend time with her and take pleasure in the time spent together. Just because I may understand something, does not mean that I could change the outcome, it just means I am on my way to changing and becoming a more determined nurse. Understanding something is the first step towards changing.As John (2006) states, unremarkably negative feelings such as anger, guilt, frustration and sadness draw our attention to the experience. These negative feelings draw specific attention because they seem disturbed and usual taken-for-granted awareness for feelings. In my situation while I was caring for my adopted grandparent, this was not the case. If anything, it was the opposite. The feelings that drew my attention to this caring situation were happiness, thoughtfulness, joy, and understanding. The smile I saw every time I walked into Blanches room and glow in her eyes every time she saw us. Our weekly visits to her brightened her days and made her feel young again. I appre ciated being with her, giving her my time, my attention and my skill as a person of todays generation. It takes practice first and then reflection (Johns, 2006). It is best to practice the skills mandatory first, make sure they are understood and demonstrated them properly and then reflect on the occasion and what went right and what went wrong and improve the situation for the beside time.

Reflection On A Significant Incident From Paramedic Practice Nursing Essay

Reflection On A Significant Incident From Paramedic Practice Nursing quizThe intention of this written essay is to demonstrate an understanding of my views on the art and science of criticism and the issues surrounding ruminative act. It is carnald on a fundamental consequent from my own area of clinical make as a state registered paramedic employed by a largeprovincial Ambulance returns N.H.S. Trust deep down the U.K. there is a discussion appraising the concept of locution both generally, and in my particular area of figure. This is followed by an analysis of the incident using The What ? Model of Structured reflection suggested by Driscoll (2000). A rationale is given for the selection of this particular incident and also for the selection of the chosen place as a framework. It will show how the model has been used to reflect on the incident, what has been exposet, and the outcome on both current and future practice.Reflection is an progressive process of witnessin g ones own experience so that we can take a closer look at it. It has its foundations in the discipline of experiential encyclopedism. Dewey (1939 cited in Rolfe, Freshwater, Jasper 2001) claimed that we learn by doing, and realising what came of what we did.Reflective practice is virtuallything more than than thoughtful practice. It is that form of practice which seeks to problematise many occurrences of professional performance so that they can become probable learning situations and so the practitioners can continue to learn, grow and develop in and through their practice Jarvis P. (1992) pp174 -181. Johns, C (2000a) pg 34, describes reflection as a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of his own livedexperience in ways that enable him to confront, understand and work towards resolving the contradictions within his practice between what is desirable and actual practice.All professionals experience physical, hands on , doing parts of their roles, but unless they search for the knowledge that comes from realising what came of what they did, then the standard of their practice can stand still. In other words if you incessantly do what you hold in always done you will always get what you have always got.Roth (1989) summarized the basic elements of a reflective process as follows, Keeping an open mind about what, and how we do things. Awareness of what, why and how we do things. Questioning what, why and how we do things. Asking what, why and how other people do things. Generating choices, options and possibilities. Comparing and contrasting results. seek to understand underlying tools and rationales. Viewing our activities and results from various perspectives. Asking What if ..? Seeking feedback and other peoples ideas and viewpoints. Using prescriptive (advice) models only when carefully adapted to theindividual situation. Analysing, synthesising and testing. Searching for, marking and resolving problems and result limitation.As a guide to its essential nature, reflection can be viewed as ten Cs ofreflection. Johns.C (2000b) Commitment believing that self and practice matter acceptingresponsibility for self the openness, curiosity and willingness to scrap normative ways of responding to situations. Contradiction exposing and understanding the contradiction betweenwhat is desirable and actual practice. Conflict harnessing the energy of conflict within contradiction tobecome authorise to take appropriate action. Challenge and Support confronting the practitioners normativeattitudes, beliefs and actions in ways that do not threaten the practitioner. Catharsis operative through negative feelings. intromission moving beyond self to see and understand new ways ofviewing and responding to practice. Connection connecting new insight within the real world of practiceappreciating the temporality over reality. Caring realising desirable practice as everyday reality. Congruence ref lection as a mirror for caring. Constructing Personal Knowing in practice weaving personal knowing with relevant extant theory in constructing knowledge.Reflections can vary in their details and their complexity. Two main levels of reflective enquiry have been identified either practitioners engage in deep and potentially meaningful inquiry, or they opt for superficial problem solving harmonize to tradition or pressure of work. Burnard P. Chapman C.M. (1988)Reflection can be facilitated in a number of various ways. In the narrative, through reflective writing, this may be in the form of analysis of a significant incident from the writers area of practice, through poetry and journal or diary entries and in the context of a portfolio. In clinical supervision, this has been described as an exchange between practising professionals to enable the development of professional skills. B Procter (1989) pg. 23, it can be expressed through communion and it has a vital part to play in sustain ing and developing professional practice.Reflection can also be expressed using creative strategies such(prenominal) as music, poetry, modelling, art and collage.There is a danger that personal reflection can focus on the negatives of a given incident, where it should involve balanced vital evaluation, focused on abilities and potential for growth.In order to provide a framework for methods, practices and processes for building knowledge from practice there are several models of reflection available. All can help to direct individual reflection. Some may be particularly useful for superficial problem solving, and other better when a deeper reflective process is required. Reflective models however are not meant to be used as a rigid set of questions to be answered but to give some structure and encourage making a record of the activity.The model I have chosen is Driscolls What? model. The reason being that though it has a stage of three simple questions what? , so what?, now what ? the added trigger questions give a deeper and meaningful reflective process by stimulating a more in depth enquiry leading to the formulation of an action plan for the future. It may be argued that reflective practice in my own area of clinical practice in the ambulance service has always been deployed whether through debriefing after a serious incident or the informal discussion in the cab of the vehicle.I and my crewmate, an ambulance technician, received an emergency call from ambulance control just after midnight to respond to a road traffic collision between a pedestrian and a car. The location was given as a semi-rural area some 6 miles distance from our Ambulance Station, and we were quickly on the scene.As we arrived on scene we first aphorism the car that had been involved in the incident and l made a quick mental note of the damage to the bonnet, windscreen and roof to assess the mechanism of injury to the pedestrian. The driver was still sitting in the drivers seat and although obviously distressedhad no apparent injuries and was being comforted by a passer-by. This situation was left as it was the primary concern was the pedestrian. The pedestrian, a male in his early forties, was lying on the road some distance from the damaged car. There were three passers-by with him one of them stated that the casualty was unconscious but breathing.I carried out a patient assessment with a primary survey a rapid in-depth survey of airway, breathing, circulation, disability, taking 60- 90 seconds. (Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee. Pre-hospital Clinical Guidelines Manual.) I immobilised the patients cervical spine using a semi-rigid cervical collar and loose his airway using the jaw thrust technique. (Institute of health and Care Development Ambulance Service Paramedic Training Manual). On assessing the airway I observed the patients sassing and upper airway for air movement. There was obstruction due to blood and I removed this by aspirati ng with suction equipment, and then inserted an oropharyngeal airway in the patients mouth. Moving onto breathing assessment I exposed the patients chest to observe chest wall movement and assess for chest trauma as a cause of breathing problems. Breathing was absent so l proceeded with resuscitation guidelines. Administering basic life gestate with cardiac pulmonary resuscitation I asked my crewmate to fetch the trolley and the spinal anaesthesia board and we positioned the patient on to the spinal board ensuring that cervical spine immobilisation was maintained by using head blocks and straps. Once secured safely to the spinal board, placed on the trolley and transferred to the ambulance, whilst continuing Basic Life Support. The patient was attached to the cardiac monitor which showed Asystole (no cardiac output) and advanced life support was commenced. Intubating the patient was difficult, and it took several endeavors to achieve, but eventually the endotracheal tube was in p osition and connected to the oxygen driven mechanical ventilator to allow artificial ventilation of the patient. The next task was to gain intravenous access for the administration of drugs and fluids, and full advanced life support was commenced. Whilst on The Reflective Practitioner Course I chose to reflect on this incident by writing a piece of poetry entitled Final-Cup Final based on Gibbs model of reflection (see appendix 1). The feelings I had then was that I had done everything possible to stay fresh the patients life given the circumstances. But when using Driscolls model (see appendix 2) , with the added trigger questions, a deeper and more meaningful reflection process occurred making me question my actions and leading to the formulation of an action plan for the future.Final Cup FinalI remember that strong summers night so clearly, the football cup final. Most people would have watched it just the same as you. Our shift started at seven, by the time we returned to ba se at midnight five emergencies already, I felt ready for a break. I must have nodded off, suddenly awoke with the ringing of the phone Emergency between A and B Pedestrian versus car.. Off we set all sorts of things racing through my mind. Soon arrived on scene and first saw the damage to the car change integrity bonnet, broken windscreen, dented roof. The driver sat there shaking, terribly distraught.Passers-by were with you, not sure how to help. Myself and my crew-mate did all we could,used all the skills we knew, Intubation, cannulation, full drugs protocol Nothing we did could save you and my helpless feelings grew. And now as l pass by the scene several times each week I often stop to oppugn is there more we could have done? On careful reflection theres nothing more we could. And now I have to realise nothing could have changed. Negative thoughts turn positive look to the future and learn from what has been. Using The What ? Model of structured reflection suggested by Dri scoll (2000) the incident can be analysed in the following way.The purpose of returning to this situation is to review and reflect upon my experiences of this particular incident, and help make sense of what was a stressful, complicated and messy situation. I learn to question if l made the correct decision as a paramedic to continue with resuscitation of this patient or if l should have certified accompaniment of death at the scene.The casualty was in respiratory and cardiac arrest and so cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic, and advanced life support was commenced and the patient rushed to the closest hospital with an accident and emergency department.My crewmate helped with clinical procedures on scene, i.e. cardiopulmonary resuscitation, assisting with intubation and cannulation and drawing up drugs. The casualtys friend and passers-by, although in an emotional state of seismic disturbance helped as much as they could by fetching and carrying when asked to and I think this h elper them in the situation they found themselves in by giving some purpose of being useful.At the time of the incident there was a reflection in action, where do we go from here? tuning in and passing game with the flow approach from both myself and my crewmate. There were two options available, either continue with resuscitation with full advanced life support or certify fact of death. The beaver approach at the time, and the one that l chose, even though his injuries were not compatible with life, was to continue with resuscitation. The main factor for this decision was by assessing the situation as a whole and considering the feelings of others. If resuscitation was not attempted the casualtys friend and bystanders would have thought that we were not giving him the best possible go on of survival, even though this chance was very remote. This had to be weighed up against the consequences of commencing resuscitation when it could be both futile and distressing for relatives, f riends and health care personnel. Time and resources could be wasted in undertaking such measures.Through reflection on action I have recognised that no guidelines can cover every situation that may arise. They are mean to provide adequate guidance for the great majority of circumstances. Not everything is black and white, there will be grey areas, and it is the individuals responsibility to act as he thinks appropriate at that particular time.The implications for me and others when facing a similar situation again, are to recognise that there is sometimes a grey area when considering if to attempt resuscitation or not. This has to be assessed taking in to consideration the particular situation and using professional judgement based on best evidence and up to date knowledge, and at times thinking beyond the guidelines, whilst remaining professionally accountable to the Heath Professions Council. I can use this learning experience when working with and mentoring trainee ambulance c ater and discussing my feelings with them and how they may react and feel in a similar situation.I can get more information and support to face a similar situation from my Clinical Support Manager, Ambulance Service Education department, Joint Royal Colleges Ambulance Liaison Committee Clinical Practice Guidelines manual and the Institute of Health and Care Development manual.ConclusionReflection can range from deep and potentially meaningful inquiry, to superficial problem solving. The care that patients receive has the direct potential to improve through reflective practice. Structured reflective practice also has the potential to develop staff and improve the implementation of professional standards. It has the following advantages to stretch the health care professional helps to make sense of complicated and difficult situations, a medium to learn from experiences and therefore improve performance and patient care, identify educational needs, identify workload stressors, highli ght barriers to development and ways of identifying improvements, and provide evidence of continual professional development and lifelong learning.In addition staff could become increasingly more motivated and empowered.

How Research Has Changed Nursing At The Bedside Nursing Essay

How question Has Changed Nursing At The Bedside Nursing Essay explore is pivotal in defining the best intrusts of the breast feeding profession. It provides a means of ascertaining efficient medical practices and further advancing the existing body of knowledge regarding nursing. This constitution therefore seeks to find out how investigate has revolutionized established nursing. The emerging technological changes and adjustments in health care policies live with greatly changed the health care environment. This have prompted the nursing profession to re-invent itself to enable it provide satisfactory health care to patients in this new scenario. As part of the changes, soak ups contemporarily have a more define and professional map to play in the health care field. The office staff of ordinary nurse practitioners has further been widened to prescribe drugs and treat greenness illnesses, a role previously left only to doctors. Apart from looking after patients under doctor s supervision, clinical nurse specialists now make diagnosis on patients and prescribe music for patients.How investigate has Changed Nursing at the BedsideNursing research constitutes a systematic inquiry designed to develop, refine and broaden knowledge in the nursing field. The nursing profession is undergoing tremendous changes and experiencing new ch allenges. To counter these social and technological challenges, the profession must employ patient oriented practices based on trustworthy findings from research. Research is normally used to assess the impact of nursing care on health of patients and effectiveness of nursing mathematical functions (Gibbs Lowton, 2012).Signifi quarterce of Research in NursingResearch in this field includes all the aspects of health care that are vital to nursing. These range from disease to injury prevention, promotion of healthy lifestyles and patient support. The changing legal, technological, educational and professional environments are likewise important areas for research in nursing. All nurses should therefore be involved in the research process though their roles whitethorn vary depending on educational and professional qualifications. The knowledge gained though research is crucial in implementing evidence-based nursing practice (Gibbs Lowton, 2012).Research has always been used to moderate the nursing practice and nurses efforts to improve patients wellbeing. Positive findings are then adopted into patient while increasing efforts to eliminate sources of patient discomfort. To fit these findings into the clinical setup, the procedure involved their critical analysis and evaluation. By incorporating research findings into clinical practice and evaluating the progress achieved, the gap between researches and actual nursing practice has been effectively rock-bottom (Curie, 2007).Higgins et al., (2010) suggest that clinical research is vital in finding new treatments and improving patient care. Research in nur sing has improved amongst others the early diagnosis of patients, providing proper prescription and developing effective processes of looking after patients. Consultant nurses are at the forefront of research since they interact with patients at more personalised levels and thus better understand their needs. An example of recent research involved finding ways of reducing accidental falls by hospitalized elderly patients at North Shore University Hospital (North Shore University, 2012). The use of low beds in the acute care setting resulted in elimination of vest restraints and received controlling feedback from staff members, ailing patients, and their families.However, consultant research nurses need a thorough understanding of the research process and an in-depth knowledge of the specialty under investigation. Teamwork is also crucial in research investigations to achieve the intended purpose. Each member of the research team has unique skills and expertise to hasten the proce ss. Participants first-hand knowledge further gives researchers better cortical electric potential into important issues to address that may otherwise be overlooked by clinical officers. Duties of a research nurse include preparing trial protocols and documents for the research. They must also submit study proposals to the relevant legal authorities and coordinate the research to its (Gibbs Lowton, 2012). fit inly, nurses must play the key role of patient advocacy during research studies to fit their safety and protection. The patients must further willingly consent to participate in such research. This requires that participating patients be given full tuition regarding any potential benefits and risks they may be exposed to. It is therefore, crucial for nurses to have excellent communication and other interpersonal skills. Research nurses further need organizational skills in training technology to effectively manage the research process in the new millennium. A solid founda tion based on years of experience in nursing is vital to this role. A comprehensive understanding of the specialty of research area and extensive knowledge of the research process and research-related legislation are also crucial. Collaboration with other researchers and members of the multidisciplinary team is crucial for successful research (Gibbs Lowton, 2012).How Research has Revolutionized NursingThe conventional role of the bedside nurse has changed over time due to betrothal of technology and changes in the educational curriculum of nurses. Although the traditional role of nurses still guides nurse practitioners, more efficient ways of caring for patients have also emerged. The speedy changes in the health care environment means that nurses cannot only rely on school acquired knowledge but must constantly modernize their practices.According to Young (2012) the changing burden of disease requires a shift from acute care in hospitals to supporting people with long term condit ions in the community. This can be facilitated through research to develop more efficient mechanisms of caring for terminally ill patients. Consultant nurses are at the forefront of revolutionizing nursing from the conventional bedside caring role. They are involved in establishing more reliable ways of caring for patients. They are also clinical leaders who can ensure that all quality initiatives are directed towards achieving the best outcomes for patients and to documenting and publishing patient, clinical and service-centered outcomes in ways that allow patients, families and members of the public to see how local healthcare providers perform. Clinical nurse specialists improve patient outcomes and are cost effective, so it is unwise to cut expenditures on health care research (Young, 2012).Darkins (2012) affirms that technological solutions have further overhaul the nursing practice from the traditional perspective of bedside caring. Telehealth applications enable nurses hold face to face meetings with patients from remote locations. These applications also assist nurses to monitor patients from diverse localities. For instance, telehealth applications enable nurses to cure and transmit patients data in real time from their sick beds. Such technology has helped medical facilities with adequate nursing resources. The new technology has also trim back the need for home visits and 24 hour home based care. By adopting telehealth applications, nurses can extend their knowledge through easy information sharing (Darkins, 2012).The role of implementing recommendations from research is the responsibility of the individual nurse and requires restructuring of the entire health facility. Individual nurses should further be continuously striving to improve their practice to provoke substantive change in the health care centre. For nursing practitioners to actually utilize evidence, the proposed solution must two be relevant and appropriate to solving the problem. assure Based NursingEvidence based nursing uses evidence from research to make decisions concerning patient needs (Winters Echeverri, 2012). Based on existing resources and patient preferences, clinical officers are able to implement strategies that best address their patient interests. To gain the full benefits of evidence based nursing, nurses must adopt the most reliable sources of information including medical publications. It uses the premise that outcome on patients is highly dependent on the quality of information and how effectively it is used in decision-making.Evidence based practice seeks to replace the conventional bedside nursing practice. It uses controlled research trials to guide action from research results. It further raises accountability in nursing by identifying the best nursing practices. The major(ip) aim of evidence-based practice is to increase patients satisfaction and reduce instances of trial- error treatment. This is achieved through provision of high quality and cost-efficient nursing care. The focus is therefore shifted from common nursing habits and traditions to research oriented nursing. It eventually advances the quality of care provided by nurses (Winters Echeverri, 2012). It is imperative to note that nurses who participate in research projects promote research enjoyment and are more likely to apply research techniques in their daily practice. Furthermore, nurses who appreciate the significance of evidence-based nursing assume the role of mentoring their colleagues who are yet to look the impact research information in their duties.ConclusionNurses are considered as key decision makers within the healthcare team. However, to make the right call, they need reliable and spotless first hand information concerning their patients. This is only possible from conducting accurate research regarding the problem area with clear set objectives (Curie, 2007). Patients provide the most accurate and reliable source of information i n nursing research. By applying a holistic approach to patient care, nursing research has developed initiatives that are both effective and widely acceptable. Evidence based practice is a good example of the success of nursing research in patient care. The evidence-based practice decision-making representative follows the path of searching, appraising and implementing effective strategies in patient care (Winters Echeverri, 2012). The health sector makes crucial advances daily that constantly expand the boundaries of conventional medicine. Nursing research implements these changes by developing new therapies for patients.

Huynh Quang Nhoungs The Land I Lost :: Essays Papers

Huynh Quang Nhoungs The world I Lost Vietnamese agent Huynh Quang Nhoung wrote the book The Land I Lost. The setting, conflicts, and theme were very evoke in this book. This book too place on an old Vietnamese community farm. Family, friends, and animals lived with the villages. thither was a dense jungle bordering part of the small hamlet. there were quite a bit of conflicts throughout this book. Animals would occasionally wander into the village, kill a few cattle, and care everyone. One time, a neighbor stole young Nhoungs trained birds. He stole the small pet back in the middle of night. The go around thee to relate to this story is Be Thankful For What Has Been Given To You. These ancient commonwealth were very lucky they even had this little piece of land to live and farm on. They were commensurate to harvest enough food to survive and even had close to left over to sell at the market. Certain forces or circumstances make the main character o r characters act as they do. I divulge the intimately interesting part of this book was the characters. There were Many characters, all with there protest personalities. Many of these characters happen to be animals. Huynh Quang Nhoung was by far the most important person. The autobiography of Nhoung included his cousin, whose name was never given. His cousin trained a pissing buffalo to attack and defend itself against crazy animals from the jungle. He taught ternion little birds to sing separate songs on command after addicting them to opium. Another character is a loose horse snake from the nearby jungle. This snake move to steal fish from a neighbors private pond and squeezed a cow to death, only to be slaughtered by a group of furious farmers. A monkey, be to an old woman once ran away from her while she was at market. He stole coals from the smothering fire and accidentally set the house on fire. The characters of The Land I Lost are definitely th e most important and Huynh Quang Nhoungs The Land I Lost Essays PapersHuynh Quang Nhoungs The Land I Lost Vietnamese author Huynh Quang Nhoung wrote the book The Land I Lost. The setting, conflicts, and theme were very interesting in this book. This book too place on an old Vietnamese community farm. Family, friends, and animals lived with the villages. There was a dense jungle bordering part of the small hamlet. There were quite a bit of conflicts throughout this book. Animals would occasionally wander into the village, kill a few cattle, and care everyone. One time, a neighbor stole young Nhoungs trained birds. He stole the small pet back in the middle of night. The best thee to relate to this story is Be Thankful For What Has Been Given To You. These ancient people were very lucky they even had this little piece of land to live and farm on. They were able to harvest enough food to survive and even had some left over to sell at the market. Certain for ces or circumstances make the main character or characters act as they do. I find the most interesting part of this book was the characters. There were Many characters, all with there own personalities. Many of these characters happen to be animals. Huynh Quang Nhoung was by far the most important person. The autobiography of Nhoung included his cousin, whose name was never given. His cousin trained a water buffalo to attack and defend itself against crazy animals from the jungle. He taught three little birds to sing separate songs on command after addicting them to opium. Another character is a loose horse snake from the nearby jungle. This snake attempted to steal fish from a neighbors private pond and squeezed a cow to death, only to be slaughtered by a group of furious farmers. A monkey, belonging to an old woman once ran away from her while she was at market. He stole coals from the smothering fire and accidentally set the house on fire. The characters of The Land I Lost are definitely the most important and

Joseph Bediers The Romance of Tristan and Iseult and Jean Cocteau’s Et

The Romance of Tristan and Iseult, by Joseph Bdier, and Jean Cocteaus 1943 cinematic adaptation of the epic love write up Eternal Return, both portray the love between Tristan and Iseult, and Patrice and Natalie as an agonizing cancer that overpowers the lovers after they consume the love potion. But the goings of how and when the love potion is administered, and the lovers feelings for each another(prenominal) before the potion is drunk, reveal different depictions of the love potion between the novel and the shoot. The first difference between the film and the novel is when the two lovers beverage the love potion. In the book, they drink the love potion when they are still on the boat and have dropped anchor by an island (Bdier, 42). Here Iseult has not met King Mark. But in the film, Natalie and Patrice drink the love potion after Natalie has been introduced to Uncle Mark. In the first instance, they both have a chance to elope, and no one would be the wise r. They can easily live a life of comfort and full of love with each other, but Tristan chooses to hand over the woman he loves to his Uncle, and suffer for his love. In the film, Natalie and Patrice are not apt(p) this option, and therefore do not have a chance to escape their faith. Also in the book, an unknowing maid gives the love potion to the lovers. She believes that she is just giving them wine. This signifies the accompaniment that no one intentionally wished for them to suffer, but faith led them to it. But in the film, Achille puts the love potion in their drinks on the pretext of murdering them with poison. In the film the fact that the love potion is labeled poison, foreshadows the pain and sorrow the two lovers will face, because poison leads to a slo... ...g this news for the first time and is astounded and angry. Aunt Gertrude, though penetrating and unlikable, also realizes the attraction between Patrice and Natalie, and tells Patrice that he is marryi ng the girl he loves to his Uncle. Her awareness on this subject may be rooted in her hate for Patrice and her believe to destroy him because her son can never be as loved as Patrice, but that does not alter the fact that she feels and notices the love between Patrice and Natalie. The difference in the film and the novel alter the depiction of the love affair between Tristan and Iseult and Patrice and Natalie. While the novel portrays Tristan and Iseult as causing the suffering they endure because of their love, the film makes Patrice and Natalie the victims of faith and love. Works CitedBedier, Joseph. The Romance of Tristan and Iseult. New York, 1994